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2016/11/22

Korinbo Tengu Koyasan

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten 419 -

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Apart from Korin-Bo there lived many other Tengu on the mountain and in the valleys to protect them, but Korin-Bo was their leader.

One of them was Myoo-on boo 妙音坊 Myoon-Bo, Myoonbo.

The legend of the Tengu from 高野山弁天岳 Mount Bentendake (984 m)

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten 281 -

Benzaiten is venerated at the shrine 弁財天社 on this mountain.
Myoon-Bo Tengu lived on a large cedar tree in the compound and protected the shrine.

. Benten, Benzaiten 弁天　弁財天 .

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

- #korinbo #korinbotengu #koyasantengu -
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2016/11/14

Doryo Daigongen Tengu

CLICK for more photos !

- quote
The "Great Avatar Doryo."
This man was a mountain ascetic before he became a Soto Zen monk, turning into a Tengu after death.

In 2005, scholar Duncan Williams published
“The Other Side of Zen: A Social History of Soto Zen Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan.”
Chapter Four of this book, entitled “The Cult of Doryo Daigongen: Daiyuzan and Soto Prayer Temples” forces us to overcome the traditional boundaries of Buddhist scholarship to examine the emergence of a popular cult and its links with the mountain ascetics and Shinto. The “great avatar Doryo (Douryou)” 道了大権現 had been a mountain ascetic before becoming a Soto Zen monk, and was eventually appointed as head cook and administrator at Daiyūzan Temple 大雄山 (Kanagawa Prefecture).
However, upon his death in 1411 AD, he vowed to become the guardian of the monastery and he is believed to have metamorphosed into a TENGU 天狗.
According to legend, “his body was then engulfed in flames as he appeared transformed and stood on a white fox to promise a life free from illness and full of riches for those who sincerely worshipped him.”
Here, the legendary anecdote leads to a detailed analysis of how since the 17th century this became linked to the mass production and sale of the Doryo (Douryou) talisman.
Another related phenomenon is that of pilgrimage to this sacred site (Daiyūzan Temple), highlighted through the concrete evidence provided by stone markers. It allows the author to determine that these pilgrimages “took off from the mid-1860s.
-- Above review from the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 33/1 (2006, pages 176, written by Michel Mohr, Doshisha University. Duncan Williams’ book. --
- source : Mark Schumacher

- reference : doryo daigongen -

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- quote -
MORE ON DOURYOU DAIGONGEN TENGU WHO BECOMES A BOSATSU
As the myth goes,
a young monk came to settle upon this mountain many centuries ago, he was determined to build a temple there but soon found that he could not do it on his own. This is when he met the long nosed, winged, tengu named Doriyo. After receiving the teachings of the monk, Doriyo was so moved that he vowed to help build Saijoji Temple with his magical feats of strength and energy. Doriyo then lifted a huge boulder and threw it to the center of the clearing stating this will be the foundation.

Today if you visit this monastery you will see the boulder wrapped in protective Shinto ropes sitting in the middle of the compound.
Nearby there is a well, with water that is said to have miraculous healing powers. People come from all over Japan to fill their plastic jugs with this water, and take it home with them.
At the top of the compound there is a shrine for Doriyo where it becomes clear that he has been elevated from Tengu status to that of Bodhisattva (Bosatsu) status. The monks referred to him as Doriyo Bosatsu.
Giant Getta (wooden slippers) adorn the outside of the shrine. Some were as big as a golf cart.
- source : suryaariwardana.wordpress.com -

This Tengu 道了薩埵 Doryo Satta then took a huge jump and now
lives on Myoojoogadake 明星ヶ岳 Mount Myojogadake (924ｍ) in Hakone
(or so some legends say).

source : toki.moo.jp/gaten - 173 / 703

Myojogadake was the
Tengu no tamariba 天狗のたまり場 gathering place of many local Tengu.
They came here night after night to drink and be merry.
The sound of their dancing to flutes and drums could be heard way down the valley.

Once a farmer named ご八 Gohachi living at the foot of Myojogadake went to have a bath and never came back. The villagers went looking for him but never found him. Three years later they called a priest and wanted to have a memorial service held for him. During their preparations Gohachi came back to the village. When they asked where he had been all the time, he said he spent only three days and nights drinking with the Tengu. That was all he remembered.

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Daiyuuzan, Daiyūzan 大雄山 Daiyuzan
Saijooji 最乗寺 Temple Saijo-Ji
神奈川県南足柄市大雄町1157 / Daiyucho, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa

Tengu amulet from the Temple

- quote -
Saijoji, located in southern Kanagawa Prefecture, is an amazing temple that even most Japanese have never heard of. The temple was founded in 1394 by 了庵 Ryoan Emyo Zenji, former head priest of Sojiji, one of the two head temples of the Soto Zen Buddhism Sect.

Currently the temple complex consists of more than 30 halls and temple buildings. Many giant cedars, planted over 500 years ago, line the road leading to the temple and tower over the compound itself. The atmosphere is similar to that of Nikko's Toshogu, but without the crowds of people.

There are many legends associated with the temple. One of the most interesting occurred in 1411, when Emyo Zenji passed away. His most trusted disciple, Doryo Myokaku, was devastated. As a result, Doryo Myokaku magically transformed and flew off into the mountains where he became a Bodhisattva, protector of the temple and its followers. He took the form of a tengu.

All seasons at Saijoji are lovely, but 10,000 hydrangea bushes lining the road to the temple make June especially lovely. The autumn colors are equally impressive.

CLICK for more photos of the Geta 下駄 collection !

Since then, many make the pilgrimage to visit the 'Goshin-den', a hall built to honor 'Doryo-son'. Followers have donated metal geta sandals in his honor (as tengu usually wear geta). Some of them are gigantic, and it is said that if a pregnant woman walks under the largest pair, she will have an easy delivery.
At the temple gate are statues of the two Tengu, big and small 大天狗 and 小天狗.

source : Tohoku Culture Research Center

The main hall
enshrines three statues, Shaka Nyorai and two attendants, Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu. It is a gorgeous building and visitors are welcome to enter (sans shoes) if there are no ceremonies taking place inside. The oldest structure within the compound is a pagoda, built in 1863.
All seasons
at Saijoji are lovely, but 10,000 hydrangea bushes lining the road to the temple make June especially lovely. The autumn colors are equally impressive. ...
- source : Sandra Isaka 2013 -

- - - - - Homepage of the Temple :
- reference source : daiyuuzan.or.jp -

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. . . CLICK here for Photos of the temple!

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This temple is Nr. 2 in the following pilgrimage
道了尊 - 清瀧不動尊 Kiyotaki Fudo 最乗寺 Saijo-Ji

. 関東三十六不動霊場
Pilgrimage to 36 Fudo Temples in Kanto / Bando .

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The Other Side of Zen:
A Social History of Sōtō Zen Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan
Duncan Ryuken Williams

- quote -
Popular understanding of Zen Buddhism typically involves a stereotyped image of isolated individuals in meditation, contemplating nothingness. This book presents the "other side of Zen," by examining the movement's explosive growth during the Tokugawa period (1600-1867) in Japan and by shedding light on the broader Japanese religious landscape during the era. Using newly-discovered manuscripts, Duncan Ryuken Williams argues that the success of Soto Zen was due neither to what is most often associated with the sect, Zen meditation, nor to the teachings of its medieval founder Dogen, but rather to the social benefits it conveyed.

Zen Buddhism promised followers many tangible and attractive rewards, including the bestowal of such perquisites as healing, rain-making, and fire protection, as well as "funerary Zen" rites that assured salvation in the next world. Zen temples also provided for the orderly registration of the entire Japanese populace, as ordered by the Tokugawa government, which led to stable parish membership.

Williams investigates both the sect's distinctive religious and ritual practices and its nonsectarian participation in broader currents of Japanese life. While much previous work on the subject has consisted of passages on great medieval Zen masters and their thoughts strung together and then published as "the history of Zen," Williams' work is based on care of examination of archival sources including temple logbooks, prayer and funerary manuals, death registries, miracle tales of popular Buddhist deities, secret initiation papers, villagers' diaries, and fund-raising donor lists.
- source : amazon.com -

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

- #doryodaigongen #daiyuzan #saijoji #myojogadake -
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2016/10/24

Tengu from Nikko

source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/gtmf10

In a highland called 古峯ヶ原 Kobugahara, from where the town of 鹿沼市 Kanuma can be overlooked, there is the shrine
Komine Jinja 古峯ヶ原古峯神社 (Furumine Jinja).
It dates back more than 1300 years. If was founded by a man from Kyoto, 隼人 Hayato,
and its deity in residence is
日本武尊 Yamato Takeru

This shrine is better known by its name of
Tengu no Yashiro 天狗の社 Shrine of the Tengu
People used to stay here for religious rituals and practise, so it is also called
Tengu no yado 天狗の宿 "The Inn of the Tengu"

古峯ヶ原古峯神社 - Tochigi Prefecture, 鹿沼市 Kanuma, Kusagyu, 3027

source : goto on facebook

The shrine has many memorabilia of the Tengu, big and small.
It also offers stamps of the Tengu, 天狗の御朱印 with 16 different faces of the Tengu.

. Tengu Shuin 天狗朱印 temple stamps .

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There used to live many Tengu in the mountains of Nikko, and their boss was Tokobo.

Apart from Toko-Bo and Nikko-Bo there was the local Tengu

Kobugahara Hayatoboo 古峯ヶ原隼人坊 Hayato-Bo from Kobugahara
It is not quite clear if he is the person who founded the shrine.
Hayato may have been a disciple of En no Gyoja or a relative of
. Zenkibō 前鬼坊 Zenkibo, Zenki-Bo .
and his wife Goki 後鬼.

- - - Later
. Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人 Priest Saint Shodo Shonin - Introduction . (735 - 817)
practised Shugendo rituals in Nikko and helped deepen the belief in the Tengu, who would protect people from misfortune and extinguish fires in the region.

There is a ceremony in Nikko where the participants receive large bowls of rice.
Nikko Gohanshiki 日光強飯式 Nikko Gohan Shiki
It is also called
tengu no goohan 天狗の強飯 large rice portion of the Tengu
..... One bowl contains 5,4 kilograms (一升五合) of rice.
This ceremony goes back to Saint Shodo Shonin (Shoodoo Shoonin 勝道上人)(735 - 817), who started the mountain worship in Nikko, connecting the Shinto and Budshist religion.

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日光の天狗は徳川家康 The Tengu of Nikko and Tokugawa Ieyasu

Mount Nantaisan 男体山 (2484.2ｍ) in Oku Nikko had been first visited by Saint Shodo in 782. At that time it was called 補陀洛山 Fudaraku San, later changed to 二荒山（ふたらやま) Futarayama.
Kobo Daishi Kukai read the two Chinese characters 二荒 as にこう nikoo, and soon the name changed to にっこう Nikko. The Chinese characters then changed to 日光.

Legend says that Toko-Bo was in incarnation of 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu.
His posthumous name was 東照権現 Tosho Gongen, but legend says he had also pondered the name of
Tookoo Gongen 東光権現 Toko Gongen (Deity Shining in the East)

Since his soul-Tengu was a newcomer, he tried to fight the older Tengu of the deep mountains of Nikko, but always lost ground.

When his memorial shrine, 東照宮 Toshogu, was finished, many people came to visit here and venerate the former Shogun (turned Tengu), so the older Tengu of Nikko were quite upset.
They played tricks on the visitors and caused much confusion.

The year turned to 1825, the time of 徳川家斉 Shogun Tokugawa Ienari.
His Minister, Mizuno Dewa no Kami 水野出羽守, made friends with the Old Tengu of Kobugahara, Hayato-Bo, who helped him to get rid of the other Old Tengu by putting up a sign forbidding them to come closer and not disturb the visitors coming to venerate the Shogun turned Tengu Toko-Bo. If they did not like it, they were free to move on to the other famous Tengu Mountains, like Atago, Kurama, Akiba or Hikosan.
- This sounds like a fantastic tale . . . maybe it is true? maybe not true?

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/401-450 -

As late as 1860, in advance of a visit by the shogun Iemochi, officials of the city of Nikko posted an official notice:
To the tengu and the other demons:
Whereas our shogun intends to visit the Nikko mausoleums next April: Now therefore, Tengu and other demons inhabiting these mountains must remove elsewhere until the shogun’s visit is concluded.
. Hirata Atsutane 平田篤胤 and the Tengu 仙童寅吉 Sendo Torakichi .

. Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616) .
and his mausoleum, 日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu

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In the Manga world the Tengu Tokobo is a master of 光壁術
日光に住まう陽気で楽天家な天狗。
明るく人当りも良いが人間は天狗に従属すべきだと思っており、一度比叡天狗に追放されている。
- reference source : wikiwiki.jp/heian -

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Myoogizan Nikkooboo 妙義山日光坊 Nikko-Bo, Nikkobo, Myogisan
He is now venerated in Gunma at Mount Myogisan (Myogizan).

- quote -
Mt. Myogisan
The fantastically shaped rocks sculpt dramatic forms of natural beauty and offer various attractive landscapes throughout the seasons. Mt. Myogisan can be viewed with pleasure from afar or enjoyed by climbing its steep slopes, so that it is loved by photographers and mountaineers.
- source : visitgunma.jp/en/sightseeing -

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Myoogi Jinja 妙義神社 Shrine Myogi Jinja
It was founded in 537 and is thus one of the oldes shrines in Japan.
The Mountain Deity itself is enshrined here.
The Deity is venerated for protecting from fire, bring a good harvest and also for good business and prosperity. So many famous Daimyo Lords came here to worship and donate buildings and treasures.
日本武尊 Prince Yamato Takeru is also enshrined here.

This shrine is located near the eastern foot of Mount 白雲山 Hakuun-zan, one of the peaks of Mt. Myogi.
It is known for its bright colours and decorative ornaments.
The shrine building now is from around 1700.
At its gate are two Demon statues, one red and one in green, with tiger-skin pants.
This shrine serves quite a lot of deities and mountain spirits.

At the back of the main shrine is a small sub-shrine dedicated to the regional Tengu.

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

When Yamato Takeru climbed 白雲山 Mount Hakuun-zan , he founded a shrine to venerate the deity
Hagoso 波己曽（はごそ）神, and the mountain was named after it, 波己曽山 Hagoso-zan. This name later changed to Myogiisan.
Hakoso Jinja　波己曽神社 /　波己曽（はこそ）神社　Hakoso Shrine

In the year 1394 a high-ranking court official named 花山院 Kazan-In 右近衛大将藤原長親 Nagachika (? - 1429) renounced the world and became a Waka poet and monk, calling himself
Kooun Meigi 耕雲明魏（こううんめいぎ）Koun Meigi
and built his humble abode at mount 華頂山 Kacho-zan in the forests of Kyoto, one of the 36 peaks of the 東山三十六峰 / 東山36峰 Higashiyama Mountain range.
After living there for about 10 years, he took of for a trip to the Kanto region and ended up at Mount Myogisan. The local people had great faith in him.
After his death he was venerated as
Myoogi Hooshi 妙魏法師 Myogi Hoshi , changing his name from
明魏 Meigi to 妙義 Myogi, and also changing the name of the Mountain range in his honor.

- HP of the shrine Myogi Jinja
Hakoso sha 波己曽社（はこそしゃ） Hakoso Shrine in the compound.
- reference source : myougi.jp/yuisho -

. Yamato Takeru 日本武尊 .
legendary prince of the Yamato dynasty - Introduction -

For Yosa Buson, this mountain reminded him of the famous
峨眉山 Gabi San in China.

source : cardiac.exblog.jp

. Yosa Buson　与謝蕪村 visiting Myogisan .

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Tengu Myoogiboo 天狗妙義坊 Myogi-Bo, Myogibo
Ueno Myogiboo 上野妙義坊 Ueno Myogi-Bo

He is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

Mount Myogisan with his special rock formation is venerated as the deity
Myogi Daigongen 妙義大権現
with the character DAI 大 LARGE as its symbol.

The Tengu 妙義坊 Myogi-Bo is an incarnation of this Gongen.

妙義山の大ノ字 Myogisan no Dai no Ji

People walking along the old roads with a view to Mount Mogisan folded their hands in prayer.

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/401-450 413... -

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source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/101-150/gate129/gate129...

This Tengu lived at 金洞山 Mount Kondosan, the middle peak of the Myogisan range.
He is also called priest 長清法印天狗 Nagakiyo Hoin Tengu.
He is a kind of kaijin 怪人 phantom Yokai with special powers, swapping places from the persimmon trees in the village to the clouds up in the sky. He is very strong and once stopped a mountain slide during a huge rainstorm. There are various legends about him in the village.
His father was a retainer of the 小田原北条家 Hojo clan of Odawara and got killed. To revenge him, Nagakiyo practised austerities in the mountains to become strong. fter taking revenge, he spent some time at the temple 寛永寺 Kanei-Ji in Ueno, but then came back to Mound Kondosan.

His mask is called 魔除妙義山中之岳大天狗　Mayoke Myogi Nakanotake Dai Tengu
and helps to prevent evil influence.
At the bottom of the mountain is the Shrine 中之岳神社 / 中之嶽神社 Nakanotake Jinja.

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Hooseiboo 比叡山法性坊 Hoseibo, Hieizan
one of the 48 Tengu.

妙義大権現 Myogi Daigongen is supposed to be Hosei-Bo from Hieizan
比叡山十三代目の座主法性坊尊意僧正, he came here in 940.
He promised to help the people who live in this region.
「われは比叡山座主（ざす）尊意僧正なり。宿世の縁でこの山に住し、衆生を済度せん」

上毛三山・妙義山の奥ノ院
Three peaks of 白雲山 - 金鶏山 - 金洞山
波己曽とは岩社（いわこそ）の意味で岩がご神体
- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/251-300/gate292 -

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The Tengu Jirobo first lived at Mount Hieizan 比叡山, but moved on to moved on to 比良山 Hirasan in Shiga.

. Jirooboo, Jirōbō 次郎坊 / 二郎坊 Jirobo Tengu .

At 横川の大師 the Temple of Yokawa Daishi at Mount Hieizan, there is a Tengu Room. It is locked up with nails on all four sides.
Sometimes people can hear the sound of wings flapping inside.
and
a story about the toilet of Enryaku-Ji, where a Tengu from India took home.
比叡山延暦寺のトイレに辿り着いた天竺天狗

Tenjiku Tengu 天竺天狗 The Tengu from India
In the 今昔物語 Konjaku Monogatari (early 12c) there are 11 stories about Tengu. One is about a Tengu from India, who came to Japan via China, to obstruct the Law of Buddhism. It might have been connected to legends about the Garuda Bird ガルーダ（迦楼羅.

The Tengu from India followed the flow of the waters and rivers, from Hakata to the Setonaikai Sea and up the Ujigawa toward Hieizan.
比叡山の横川 Yokogawa at Hieizan had been founded by Ennin.
The Tengu choose to stay at the toilet of the temple.
The voices of priests reciting the sutras in the temple were to be heard, but the deities never came close. The voices reciting sutras came running down the river and past the toilet. As the Tengu form India listened to them all the time, he changed his mind and decided to help the Law of Buddhism. He choose to become a human with the name
Myoogu, Myōgu 明救（みょうぐ） Myogu.
He was the son of Imperial Prince 有明 Ariakira.
He administered the affairs of Mt. Hiei one year and died on the 5th day of the 7th month of 1020 at the age of 75.
- reference : High Priest Myogu (946 - 1020) -

. Tengu Nichiryo from India 天竺（インド）の日良 .
and 愛宕山太郎坊 Atago Tarobo Tengu

. Tengu no Ma 天狗の間 - 伝説 Legends about the Tengu Room .

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

- #Nikkotengu #Nikkobo #tokobo #shodoshoninpriest #myogisan -
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2016/09/26

Zegaibo Tengu

- Look at the 12 scrolls here:
- source : New York Public Library -

Zenkaiboo 善界坊絵巻 Zenkaibo Emaki

This image shows a Japanese Tengu, bringing a large radish (daikon　大根) for the fare-well party of Zenkai-Bo.

source : kuusan26bu/39210836

- quote -
Frühe bildliche tengu-Darstellungen (etwa die des diabolischen Zegai-bō, s.u.) zeigen jedenfalls einen Krähen-tengu. Erst später setzte sich die Auffassung durch, dass nur die minderen tengu vogelgestaltig seien. Gleichzeitig sollen alle tengu aus Eiern schlüpfen.

Zegaibō, ein chinesischer Krähen-tengu in Mönchsgewand
(Zegai-Bo, a chinese craw tengu in a monk's robe)

- - - Zegaibō emaki - - -
Gefangennahme und Züchtigung des Zegaibō, eines tengu aus China, durch Tempelknaben auf Berg Hiei.
Illustration einer mittelalterlichen Legende, die von einem chinesischen tengu erzählt, der im Jahr 966 Japan besucht, um sich hier mit den wunderkräftigsten Mönchen auf Berg Hiei zu messen. Er erleidet dabei drei mal hintereinander herbe Demütigungen.
Schließlich erbarmen sich japanische tengu ihres Kollegen, pflegen ihn gesund und schicken ihn zurück nach China.
- source : univie.ac.at/rel_jap -

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Zegaibo Ekotoba 是害坊絵詞 / Zenkaibo Ekotoba　

- quote
STUDIES ON THE SCROLL-PAINTINGE "ZEGAIBO EKOTOBA."
BY SHINSEI MOCHIZUKI - AUGUST 1935
There are two different types of scroll-painting called "Tengu Zoshi." One represents the reckless conduct of the monks in the monks in the seven great monasteries, satirizing them by an allegrory of tengu, the Japanese name for an imaginary deity of Chinese origin; this we call "Tengu Zoshi E."

The other which is known as "Zegaibo Ekotoba" or "Zenkaibo Ekotoba", depicts a humorous story about the tengu. A scroll which is now in the possession of Viscount Aoyama has hithreto been claimed as the only one to represent this kind of "Tengu Zoshi" known to us, but unfortunately, this scroll seems to be incomplete.

Mr. Shinsei Mochizuki, who has lately discovered a complete version of the "Zegaibo Ekotoba" consisting of two scrolls in the treasury of the Manjuin Monastery in Kyoto, has taken them up for the first time in the present issue of our publication.
The scroll in question are painted in color on paper and measure 24.1 cm. in height. (The complete scrolls are reproduced on P1. VIII-XI) The inscriptions written at the end of the second scroll indicate that they have been copied three times so far, first in 1308, second in 1329, and third year of Bunwa (1354).

Contrary to the scroll in the possession of Viscount Aoyama which is painted timidly in the orthodox way, the present pictures are more or less free from orthodox formalities and painted in an easy manner. They show an unique force of expression which is far beyond the manneristic painting of the Tosa school of those days.
- source : tobunken.go.jp/~bijutsu

是害房と日羅房 Zegai-Bo and Nichira-Bo

. . . CLICK here for Photos of the scroll !
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- quote -
Battling Tengu, Battling Conceit:
Visualizing Abstraction in the Tale of the Handcart Priest
By Kimbrough, R. Keller

The sixteenth- or early seventeenth-century Tale of the Handcart Priest tells of an eccentric Zen practitioner's encounter with the legendary Tarobo, a tengu of Mt. Atago who is attracted to the priest because of the priest's excessive pride. This article provides a close reading of The Tale of the Handcart Priest in its historical and literary context, drawing upon such related works as the noh plays Kuruma-zo and Zegai, the otogizoshi Matsuhime monogatari and Itozakura no monogatari, and the puppet play Shuten Doji wakazakari. I discuss the significance of tengu, carts, and handcart priests in Japanese textual and pictorial sources from the twelfth through eighteenth centuries, as well as the possibilities for psychological realism in the larger world of medieval Japanese fiction. Taking a psychoanalytic interpretive approach, I argue that in Kuruma-zo soshi and other medieval and Edo-period literary sources, characters' struggles with tengu can often be read allegorically as externalized depictions of those characters' internal struggles with their own "demons" of conceit.
- source : questia.com/library -

- reference : handcart priest -

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #zegaibo #chinesetengu #Zenkaibo -
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2016/09/16

Priest Sanshu and Tengu

source : toki.moo.jp/gaten
滋賀県米原市と岐阜県揖斐川町の境 Mountain on the border of Shiga and Gifu.
Written as 伊吹山、息吹山、伊夫岐山、夷服山、胆吹山、五十葺山、伊富貴山、伊服岐山
or Ifuki イフキ
There lived a Tengu called 飛行上人 Higyo Shonin "the Flying Saint".
三朱沙門飛行上人 - Sanshu Samon Hiko Shonin
(samon means priest)

He was very light, only san shu 三朱 "three shu" (一匁の四分の一 one-fourth of 3,75 g)
and therefore could easily fly from mountain to mountain. He lived for many hundred years.
One day on this way to come to help the Empress, who was ill, he stopped on a rock near Lake Biwa, performed some rituals and what do you say, the Empress was healed.

Another story about his activities is told below.

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- quote
A tengu deceives the Buddhist priest Sanshu.
James Kemlo

There once lived a Buddhist priest on Mount Ibuki of Mino Province. This priest was named Sanshu and he knew nothing but the reciting of holy Buddhist sutras and spent many years doing only this.

He taught his students only to recite sutras, but many were worried that Sanshu neglected to teach anything else.

One night, when he was reciting a sutra, Sanshu heard a clear melodic voice call to him from the sky saying, “Because you have been so devoted, reciting so many sutras for me, I will come to fetch you tomorrow at the hour of the sheep (1:00pm to 3:00pm).”

Excited at this, the next day Sanshu purified himself according to the Buddha, told his students to recite a sutra with him and, facing the west, waited for the coming of the Buddha.

At the hour of the sheep, he saw Amida Butsu (Amitābha) “The Buddha of Immeasurable Life and Light,” in all his shining gold radiance, appearing from the mountains in the west. Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas) surrounded him, flying about him chanting beautiful holy words and playing beautiful music. Showers of lotus petals were falling from the sky and carpeting the ground.

In the midst of bright purple clouds, Kannon Bosatsu (Avalokiteśvara), “The Buddhist Goddess of Compassion,” appeared and gave the priest a golden cushion. The Bosatsu carried him away to the west on the golden cushion.

After witnessing this, the students who were left watching began to value even more the reciting of holy sutras.

However, seven days later, when another priest went into the mountains, he heard someone shouting out sutras from the top of a tall cedar tree. He looked carefully and saw Sanshu, naked, tied to the top of the tree reciting sutras. Climbing to the top of the tree he untied Sanshu and asked what had happened.

“Why did you untie me? The Buddha told me to wait here for a bit until he comes back to fetch me.” Sanshu became insane, and died three days later.

This is the story of a priest who, because he lacked the wisdom of the Buddha and knowledge of butsuhõ (the Buddha Dharma), was deceived by a tengu. The condition of maen (ma-en) (deception by Ma, the demon deceiver) and the state of sanbõ no kyõgai (The Three Treasures) are not the same.

Because Sanshu lacked the wisdom of the Buddha, he could not tell the difference between the two, and was therefore deceived. Sanshu could not differentiate between Ma and The Buddha, so he was led astray by a tengu.

Incorrect Buddhist practice leads to conditions that attract evil, that attract the powers of Ma. Wrong minded Buddhist practice leads to destruction. Only with correct practice and formal training under an accomplished Buddhist master attuned to the powers of The Buddha can one hope to achieve merit. One can only hope to correct en (the conditions of a previous life) through The Buddha’s wisdom.

From the Buddhist collection of teachings and tales,
the Konjaku Monogatarishū written between 1120 and 1140.
- source : © James Kemlo

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Mount Ibuki is 1377 m high.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県

In the village of 唐丹村 Tonimura the deity O-Shirasama comes to help is a home burns or there is a forest fire. This is related to legends of 飛行というと天狗 a flying Tengu or the sennin 仙人 Immortals of the mountains and other Buddhist deities.

. O-Shirasama, oshirasama おしらさま、オシラサマ "White Deity" .

................................................................................. Nara 奈良県

A man called 他惣治 Tasoji from 山添村 Yamazoe village once saw a huge firefly of more than 30 cm long. He followed it into the forest all the way to the top of 神野山 Mount Konoyama. There the firefly turned into a Tengu and Tasoji became its disciple. He studied for three days and three nights, and learned how to fly. When he came back to the village, he found his fellow villagers looking for him everywhere.
Tasoji could fly from Nara to Ueno in just two hours. He was now called

Tasoji Tengu 他惣治天狗

source : vill.yamazoe.nara.jp/folktales

Other sources say Tasoji was invited by
Iga no Ao-Tengu 伊賀の青天狗 the Green Tengu from Iga
and
Konoyama no Aka-Tengu 神野山の赤天狗 the Red Tengu from Konoyama .

................................................................................. Tokushima 徳島県

In the 板野郡 Itano district at the back of Oasahiki Shrine there lived a Tengu. If someone would stay with him for one year, eat only fruit of the forest trees an wild plants, he would be able to fly freely and become a 仙人 mountain saint, never to die. But the humans are usually threatened by this Tengu and he places them on a wooden door (toita) and carries them back to their home. Therefore those who came back are called
toita sennin 戸板仙人 Mountain Saint of the Wooden Door

. Oasahiko Jinja 大麻比古神社 Oasahiko Shrine .
Naruto, Tokushima

toita with Yokai monster decorations

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #sanshuandtengu #sanshupriest #ibukiyama -
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Dantokubo Tengu

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Dantokuboo 檀特坊 / 壇特坊 Dantokubo, Dantoku-Bo
アマノイワフネダントクボウ / 天岩船壇特坊 Amanoiwafune Dantokubo

He is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

He is mentioned in a script named Tengukyoo 天狗経 Tengu Sutra
of the 祈祷秘教.
His whereabouts are not clear, but most probably he is from
大阪府田原村 Osaka, Tawaramura village
at 田原村の岩船神祠 the Iwabune Shrine.

田原村石船山 Tawara Iwabuneyama at 河内国河上哮峯 Kawachi no Kuni, Takerugamine

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Amanoiwafune Ama no Iwafune, Ame no Iwafune
天の岩船 / 和の斎船 / 天の磐船 / あまのいわふね / アマノイワフネ
- reference : 天岩船 -

According to Nihon Shoki 日本書紀 Chronicles of Japan, it is a boat made of stone that came flown down from the sky. It carried the deity 櫛玉饒速日命 Kushitama Nigihayahi no Mikoto (櫛玉饒速日 Kushitama Nigihayahi).
Or
the deity 天火明命 Ama no Honoakari no Mikoto (鐃速日命).
He is the child of 天忍穂耳尊 Ama no Oshihomimi no Mikoto. Ancestor deity 尾張連 Owari no Muraji.

Or
it is a stone boat that floats on the Amanogawa 天の川 "River of Heaven", the Milky Way

- quote
Honoakari
According to Nihongi, one of three kami born to Konohana no Sakuyahime after spending a single night cohabiting with Ninigi.
Honoakari is claimed as the first ancestor of the clan called Owari no Muraji, but differing birth orders are described in the various traditions transmitted by Nihongi. According to Kojiki and two of the "alternate writing" traditions related by Nihongi, Honoakari was the first offspring born to Amenooshihomimi and Yorozuhatahime (daughter of Takamimusuhi), while the second son was Ninigi.
Kojiki and an "alternate writing" transmitted by Nihongi state that the kami's name was Amenohoakari no mikoto, and Nihongi tradition goes on to claim that the offspring of this kami, Amanokaguyama, was remote ancestor of the Owari no Muraji.

Another "alternate writing" in Nihongi likewise gives the name Amaterukuniteruhiko Hoakari as remote ancestor of the Owari no Muraji.
The Shinsen shōjiroku provides the names of two kami, Honoakari no mikoto and Amenohoakari no mikoto, and since the two are associated with differing lineages, it would appear that the tradition includes two separate kami with similar names.
- source : Nishioka Kazuhiko, Kokugakuin 2005

Iwafune Jinja 磐船神社
大阪府交野市私市9丁目19-1 / Osaka, Katano, 19-1 Kisaichi 9 Chome

The main object of veneration is a huge stone boulder
Ame no Iwafune 天の磐船（あめのいわふね）
The boulder is about 12 meters long and 12 meters high.
There is no "main shrine", since Stone is the deity. In front of the stone is a small sanctuary for prayers.

The Deity related to this place is Nigihayashi no Mikoto, grandchild of Amaterasu. The deity used a boat to come down to earth, and the boat then turned into this boulder. Amaterasu had ordered him to rule Japan, then called Nakatsu no Kuni in Toyoashihara (now Nara).

- quote -
神社の起源は不明であるが、天照国照彦天火明奇玉神饒速日尊（あまてるくにてるひこあめのほあかりくしたまにぎはやひのみこと = 饒速日命）が天の磐船に乗って河内国河上の Takerutamine in Kawachi 哮ヶ峯（たけるがみね）に降臨されたとの伝承がある。交野に勢力を保っていた肩野物部氏という物部氏傍系一族の氏神であり、一族が深く関わっていたといわれている。
This boulder has been the subject of reverence of the 山岳信仰 mountain faith and 住吉信仰 Sumiyoshi faith and also relates to Buddhist deities 神仏習合.
There was a small road for the pilgrims
磐船街道 Iwafune Kaido.
- reference source : wikipedia -

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Tengukyoo 天狗経 Tengu Kyo, Tengu Sutra

A Sutra recited by the Shugendo priests. It is known since the Muromachi period.
It contains the names of 48 Tengu.
Altogether there are 十二万五千五百 125500 Tengu in Japan.

on aromaya tengu sumanki sowaka, on hirahiraken, hirakennou sowaka

- quote -
天狗は修験道と結びつき、密教的な要素を濃くしていく。
修験者たちが、日本全国の霊山から天狗たちを招聘するために唱えるという経文が天狗経。

「南無大天狗小天狗十二天狗有摩那（うまな）天狗数万騎天狗、先づ大天狗には、
愛宕山太郎坊、妙義山日光坊、比良山次郎坊、常陸筑波法印、鞍馬山僧正坊、英彦山豊前坊、比叡山法性坊、大原住吉剣坊、横川覚海坊、越中立山縄乗坊、富士山陀羅尼坊、天岩船檀特坊、日光山東光坊、奈良大久杉坂坊、羽黒山金光坊、熊野大峰菊丈坊、吉野皆杉小桜坊、天満山三尺坊、那智滝本前鬼坊、厳島三鬼坊、高野山高林坊、白髪山高積坊、新田山佐徳坊、秋葉山三尺坊、鬼界ヶ島伽藍坊、高雄内供奉、板遠山頓鈍坊、飯綱三郎、宰府高桓高森坊、上野妙義坊、長門普明鬼宿坊、肥後阿闍梨、都度沖普賢坊、葛城高天坊、黒眷属金比羅坊、白峰相模坊、日向尾股新蔵坊、高良山筑後坊、医王島光徳坊、象頭山金剛坊、紫尾山利久坊、笠置山大僧正、伯耆大山清光坊、妙高山足立坊、石鎚山法起坊、御嶽山六石坊、如意ヶ岳薬師坊、浅間ヶ岳金平坊、
総じて十二万五千五百、
所々の天狗来臨影向、悪魔退散諸願成就、悉地円満随念擁護、怨敵降伏一切成就の加持、
をんあろまや、てんぐすまんきそわか、をんひらひらけん、ひらけんのうそわか」

この経文には、全部で48の天狗が登場する。
天狗経は室町後期にはすでに存在していたらしい
- reference source : jomon.org/jisho -

This was the "Tengu scripture" of the "Secret Mantra Prayer".
Tokyo Ravens Volume 6 : Chapter 5: Competition of Magic
- source : wattpad.com -

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Tengukyo Sutra of the Edo period
Lists 48 Tengu. The most important one is from the Shugendo line of Shikoku, 石鎚山 Ishizuchisan (Ishitsuchizan) in Ehime. Its most important Shugendo priest is En no Gyoja.
Hookiboo 石鎚山法起坊 Hokibo

. Hokibo 石槌山法起坊 - Ishizuchizan
. - Ishizuchiyama, Ehime

- quote -
江戸時代に書かれた「天狗経」と呼ばれるものがあります。
ここには、全部で48の天狗が書かれていますがこの天狗たちは、四国石鎚山修験系と言われるそうです。
全ての天狗の原点は、石鎚山にあったのです。西日本の一番高い場所、石鎚山の天狗岳に今も残る天狗の姿。
それは、役行者だったのです。いしづちさん
- reference source : makild.exblog.jp -

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #dantokubo #amanoiwafune -
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2016/09/08

Zenkibo Tengu

役行者 En no Gyoja is usually flanked by a couple of two demons,
the husband Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼。

These demons promised En no Gyoja, a Shugendo priest at Mount Ominesan in Nara, to protect the pilgrims of the area. They had five children, whose families in the x-th generation up to this day have five mountain huts where the pilgrims can rest during their walk from Oomine to Kumano.
The family business is going on for more than 1300 years now. Gokijo 後鬼助 san, in the 61 generation, lives in Osaka now and comes back every weekend and holidays to take care of the pilgrims.

I have written more about En no Gyoja and Yoshino here:
. Yoshinoyama - 吉野山 Yoshino Mountains - .

Zenki 前鬼 and Goki 後鬼
The following names were given to them by En no Gyoja after he had saved them from their demon ways
and turned them into good souls are:

Zendooki 善童鬼（ぜんどうき） Zendoki / 義覚/ 義学 Gikaku - Gigaku
Myoodooki 妙童鬼（みょうどうき）Myodoki / 義玄 Gigen

Zenki was born in 奈良県吉野郡下北山村 Shimokitayama village in Yoshino. - - 前鬼の里 Zenki no Sato.
Zenki represents the positive 陽 YO aspect and is depicted as a red oni 鬼 demon holding an iron ax 鉄斧. He used to walk in front of En no Gyoja and hacked the path free.
He is also depicted with a kind of straw rucksack 笈.

His wife Goki was born in 奈良県吉野郡天川村 Tengawa villge in Yoshino.
represents the negative 陰 IN aspect and is depicted as a blue/green demon.
She holds a flask with ritual water 理水 and carries a rucksack with seeds.

Together they symbolize 陰陽 the Yin and Yang of things, or the A-Un 阿吽, Alpha and Omega, the beginning and end of all things.

Their five children are - - - 真義、義継、義上、義達 and 義元.

. oni no shison 鬼の子孫 / onisuji 鬼筋 - descendants of Oni .
The five Oni children : (五鬼 goki)
五鬼助（ごきじょ）Gokijo, 五鬼継（ごきつぐ）Gokitsugu, 五鬼上（ごきじょう) Gokijo,、五鬼童（ごきどう）Gokido,
五鬼熊（ごきくま）Gokikuma

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奈良・大峰山の鬼たち The Demons from Omine, Nara

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

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- quote -
Mount Ōmine - 大峰山 Ōmine-san
a sacred mountain in Nara, Japan, famous for its three tests of courage.
Officially known as Mount Sanjō (山上ヶ岳 Sanjō-ga-take),
it is more popularly known as Mount Ōmine due to its prominence in the Ōmine mountain range. It is located in Yoshino-Kumano National Park in the Kansai region, Honshū, Japan.
The temple Ōminesanji,
located at the top of the mountain, is the headquarters of the Shugendō sect of Japanese Buddhism and the entire mountain is part of a pilgrimage and training ground for the yamabushi.
The monastery at Mount Ōmine
was founded in the 8th century by En no Gyōja, as a home for his new religion of Shugendō. Shugendo literally means "the path of training and testing," and is based on the self-actualization of spiritual power in experiential form through challenging and rigorous ritualistic tests of courage and devotion known as shugyo.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Since 1788, a Sake brewery in Nara produces rice wine in their memory.
- reference source : komesou.com/nihonnsyu/syoujou -

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source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/teravist

- reference : 前鬼坊 -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................... Nara 奈良県

En no Gyoja met a couple of Oni who were eating humans. He asked them not to do that any more but they did not listen to him. He hid in a cave but they wanted to give him human flesh to eat even there.
Now 不動明王　Fudo Myo-O comes along and pressured the couple not to eat humans any more. Now they promised to change their ways.
Zenki went to 洞川 Dorogawa (now a famous hot spring), and Goki went to 十津川 Totsukawa .

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御所市 Gose
Zenki and Goki once lived on 葛城山 Mount Katsuragisan and together with the Deity 一言主神 Hitokotonushi they were strong leaders of the region.
. the Deity Hitokotonushi 一言主 .

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大峯山 Ominesan
In some parts of the Omine region, the forest people are called 笈 oi : 前笈 and 後笈.
oi is a kind of rucksack, made of wood or bamboo in former times.
They villagers are very strong and robust and carry the luggage of visitors. They look almost like Oni and some say they are the descendants of Zenki and Goki.

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鬼取町 Onitori / 生駒郡 Ikoma
At 生駒山 Mount Ikomasan、En no Gyoja had a dream given to him by 孔雀明 Kujaku Myo-O.
He should capture the two Oni from the foot of Ikomasan and turn them into decent beings. He stayed in prayer for 21 days and on the last day, with 不動緊縛の法 a special ritual of Fudo Myo-O he could capture them.
So the Oni cut off their hair and became the pious disciples of En no Gyoja.

The mountain is now called Onitorisan 鬼取山 "Mountain of capturing the Demons",
and the village is still called that way, 鬼取 Onitori.

At the temple 髪切山慈光寺 Kamikiriyama, Jiko-Ji, masks of the Red and Green Oni are kept in honor and rituals are held.
During the annual festival, these two masks are worn by specially elected men and lead a parade through the region.
Kamikiriyama means "the mountain where they cut off their hair".

鬼取山(又は鬼取獄)
- reference source : geocities.jp/iko_kan2/ikoma-oni -

CLICK for more photos !

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信貴山 Shigisan
When En no Gyoja practised austerities at Mount Shigisan in 673, there was a couple of huge demons of more than three meters high with long fangs. But En no Gyoja subdued them and took away their supernatural powers.
They begun to take care of him and help him in his life as Zenki and Goki.

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天川村 Tenkawa
At the home of the 柿阪秀元氏 Kakisaka Hidemoto family, on the eve of the Setsubun ritual in spring, they place ritual water at the entrance and prepare a special seat for the Oni to take a rest.
They do not pierce the head of a sardine (a custom to drive away the Oni), and they call
"Fuku wa Uchi, Oni wa Uchi" May good luck come in, may the Demon come in!
The family is said to have Zenki and Goki as their ancestors.

. setsubun 節分 "the seasonal divide" .
Usually people call:
fuku wa uchi 福は内（ふくはうち）"Good luck, come in!"
oni wa soto 鬼は外（おにはそと）"Demons, get out! "

. Setsubun - 「鬼は内」Oni wa Uchi ! .

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吉野　Yoshino　
En no Gyôja journeyed to the Mino'o Waterfall in Osaka, where he met the Bodhisattva Ryûju. He erected a temple to Ryûju called Mino'o Temple
Then he tried to convince the local Shinto deity, Hitokotonushi, to help him build a 石橋 stone bridge extending from Mt. Katsuragi to Mt. Yoshino.
Hitokotonushi only worked during the night and hid his face during the daytime. Thus En no Gyoja became angry at the slow pace of the god's work, and threw him into a valley. The angry god then petitioned the emperor to send armies after En no Gyôja, to arrest him, claiming that the monk sought to rebel against the throne. Gyôja escaped the armies easily, flying away on his clouds, but, after they captured his mother instead, he was forced to surrender himself.
He was exiled to Izu Ôshima, but escaped his exile, flying to Mt. Fuji. .....
- reference : wiki.samurai-archives.com -

大和葛城山久米の岩橋伝説 - The Legend of the Stone Bridge at Kume, Katsuragisan
- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

There is also a river called 前鬼川 Zenkigawa and the Fudo Nanae waterfall 不動七重滝.
- reference and photos : riko.naturum.ne.jp -

- quote -
Fudo Nanae Fall
was chosen as one of the 100 most beautiful waterfalls of Japan. Fed by the Zenkigawa River, water cascades down in seven stages, falling 100m from the top to the bottom and providing a majestic natural view.
Early summer and fall are especially good seasons to see the picturesque beauty of the scenery.
- source : pref.nara.jp/nara_e -

............................................................................... Osaka 大阪府
箕面市 Mino

On 摂津の箕面山 mount Minosan in Settsu (Hyogo) there lived a couple of Oni.
The husband had red eyes and the wife a yellow mouth. They had five children. They grabbed human children and ate them. To change their ways, En no Gyoja banned the youngest of their children in a cave. The parents came to En no Gyoja and asked him where their child was. They would never eat human children again if he would let them have the kid back.
Finally he told them were it was and all of them left the region.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
ゼンキ，ゴキ

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

下草を薙ぎ行く前鬼後鬼の裔
shitakusa o nagi-yuku zenki goki no ei

cutting the thicket
as they go along - descendants
of Zenki and Goki

右城暮石 Ushiro Boseki (1899 - 1995)

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前鬼にも呑せて行や香需散
炭太祇

卓にたつ前鬼が肩に雪霏々たり
横山白虹

夏の霧噴き捲く前鬼後鬼像
猿橋統流子

夢に出し前鬼と後鬼春の山
角川春樹

屠蘇酌めり前鬼後鬼の山長者
青畝

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #zenkibo #zenkigoki -
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