Ninnaji Kyoto

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Ninnaji 仁和寺 Ninna-Ji, Kyoto



京都府京都市右京区御室大内33 / 33 Omuro-Ouchi, Ukyō-ku, Kyoto,

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the head temple of the Omuro school of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism. Located in western Kyoto, Japan, it was founded in AD 888 by the retired Emperor Uda. It is part of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto", a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ninna-ji was founded in the early Heian period. In 886, Emperor Kōkō ordered the construction of the Nishiyama Goganji Temple to bless the nation and propagate Buddhist teachings but he did not live to see its completion. Emperor Uda saw the construction to its completion in 888 and named it "Ninna" after the regnal year of the late Emperor Kōkō's reign. From 888 to 1869 it was traditional for reigning Emperors to send a son to the temple to take over as head priest when a vacancy arose.
After retiring from his throne, Emperor Uda became the first Monzeki, or aristocratic priest, of Ninna-ji. From then on until the end of the Edo period, the temple saw a succession of head priests of imperial lineage. . . .
888 (Ninna 4, 8th month): Construction of the newly created Buddhist temple of Ninna-ji (仁和寺) was completed; and a former disciple of Kōbō Daishi was installed as the new abbot.
... Uda entered the Buddhist priesthood at age 34 in 900. Having founded the temple at Ninna-ji, Uda made it his new home after his abdication. ...
The nengo era name of Ninna (885 – 889)
. . . 　More in the WIKIPEDIA !




- March 21
Visiting three Kobo temples, san Kobo mairi 三弘法参り,
.. also : san Kooboo moode 三弘法詣で (in Kyoto, at temple Tooji on the first to third of January)
Visiting Ninna-Ji, O-Muromairi 御室参り　仁和寺
..... (Famous for its beautiful cherry blossoms, Omuro sakura .)
. Kobo Daishi 弘法大師 - kigo for late spring .


. 近畿三十六不動尊巡礼 Pilgrimage to 36 Fudo Temples in Kinki .
第14番 Nr. 14 - 仁和寺 Ninna-Ji - Kyoto


都名所図会　Kyo Meisho Zue

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shuin　朱印 book for the temple stamp



omamori お守り amulets

- Homepage of the temple
- source : www.ninnaji.jp... english

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source : sankei.com/west/news...

五大明王壁画 Wall painting of Fudo Myo-O and the five Fudo

. Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

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. Onipedia 日本の鬼 The Demons of Japan .

Ninna-Ji wall paintings with Oni demons in hell










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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -


kimono with Ninna-Ji as motive

仁和寺の御室で降りぬ秋袷
Ninnaji no Omuro de orinu aki-awase

at Ninna-Ji in Omuro
they get off -
autumn kimono
Tr. Gabi Greve

Takazawa Ryooichi 高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi

- - - - - autumn an Ninnaji


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仁和寺の御室のさくら塩漬けに
Ninnaji no Omuro no sakura shiozuke ni

the Omuro cherry blossoms
from Ninna-Ji
as salty pickles

本田八重子 Honda Yaeko

shiozuke - sakura blossoms are pickled in salt and enjoyed as tea


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

The horse painted on a votive tablet by 巨勢金岡 Kose no Kanaoka took off each night and devastated the nearby fields.
It could only be stopped by crushing its eyes.

. Kose Kanaoka, Kose no Kanaoka 巨勢金岡 (?802 - ?897) .
a court painter of the Heian period.


The Tengu from 愛宕山 Mount Atagosan and 比叡山 Hieizan often came to the great 六本杉 cedar tree of Ninna-Ji to rest.
Once a priest took shelter under the tree in the rain and saw two palanquins taking off in the direction of Atagosan and Hieizan. It must have been the vengeful spirits of people who died with a grudge and had become Tengu.

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -


仁和寺氏神社の絵馬　ema from the clan Shrine of Ninna-Ji




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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #ninnaji #omuroninnaji -
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Taizan Fukun Hell King

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. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .
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Taizan Fukun 泰山府君 / 太山府君 King of Hell
Taizan-O 太山王（泰山王） King Taizan
Daizan oo 泰山王 Daizan-O (incarnation of 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai)



He is a subordinate of Enmaten 焔摩天 King of Hell.
In Taoism he is called
東嶽大帝（仁聖大帝）Togaku Taitei

He resides in hell and keeps the books where the length of each human life is recorded.


. Sekizan Zen-In 赤山禅院 - Kyoto .
The principal deity, 赤山大明神 Sekizan Daimyojin, "Red-Mountain Shining-Deity", is a brought-back avatar or a double image of Taizanfukun 泰山府君 (Taizan Fukun) in Mt. Sekizan in China
ema 絵馬 votive tablet of 泰山府君 Taizan Fukun




Taizan-ō, 泰山王 King of Hell, Judge in the 7th week, 49th day 七七日49日


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Taizan Fukun - たいざん‐ふくん【泰山府君】 / 泰山王 Taizanoo
Taizan Fukun wird oft zusammen mit Emma als Paar neben einem Jizo Bosatsu dargestellt. In der wallenden Tracht eines chinesischen Richters der Sung-Zeit.
Meist sitzende Statuen mit furchterregendem Gesichtsausdruck. Er hält in der Hand ein Holzszepter mit zwei Köpfen auf einem Lotusblatt (jintoojoo, nintoojoo).

. 10 Höllenkönige (Jûô, juuoo, juo 十王) .
Gabi Greve



Seated statues are depicted with a wooden scepter holding two heads.
(This statue is from Todai-Ji.)


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泰山府君祭 Taizan Fukun no Sai
TRANSLATION:
the Taizan Fukun (Lord Taizan) ceremony
APPEARANCE:
Taizan Fukun no Sai is one of the most secret and powerful onmyōdō rituals. It is jealously guarded by the few who know it, and strongly coveted by those who don’t.
ORIGIN:
This spell was developed in ancient China by Taoist philosophers. It is named for Lord Taizan, the god of the mountain Taishan in Shandong, China and one of the kings of hell. He is one of the most important deities in Onmyōdō. In this ritual, the supplicant beseeches Lord Taizan, Great King Enma, and the other judges of Meido and Jigoku to lengthen a person’s life span, save someone from death, or even restore life to the dead. Gold, silver, silk, saddled horses, and human life—usually substitutes in the form of katashiro, or paper dolls—are offered to the gods. No mantras or magical worlds are spoken; the gods are simply invited to sit down and participate. A formal letter of request is read to them, detailing the offerings and the virtues of the supplicants, and the precise divine intervention desired.
The Abe clan was famous for their knowledge of this spell. It is one of the reasons they were able to maintain a monopoly on the imperial Bureau of Onmyōdō. Under their offices, this spell was routinely performed for the emperors in order to increase their life spans and protect the country.
LEGENDS:
Abe no Seimei is particularly famous for his use of Taizan Fukun no Sai. He resurrected his father, who was murdered by Ashiya Dōman, and used it many other times in the service of the emperor and country.
Once, a high ranking monk of Mii-dera known as Chikō fell gravely ill. It was determined that his illness was the result of karma, and thus could not be cured with medicine. Abe no Seimei was summoned. He divined Chikō’s fortune, and discovered that death was imminent. However, Abe no Seimei said that if someone was willing to trade life spans with Chikō, he could perform the Taizan Fukun no Sai and save the priest’s life.
The priests all looked at each other uncomfortably. As much as they loved and admired Chikō, nobody was willing to sacrifice his own life in order to save him. Finally, a young man named Shōkū—an average pupil who had been studying for many years yet had never attracted the attention of Chikō or the other teachers—stepped forward and offered his own life.
Abe no Seimei accepted the offer. He immediately performed the Taizan Fukun no Sai. Shōkū writhed in anguish, his life span shrinking away, while Chikō rapidly began to recover. Finally, Chikō was cured, and Shōkū lay on death’s door. As the young pupil’s last breath left his body, he prayed with all his heart to a nearby painting of Fudō Myōō. Just then, tears poured from the painted eyes of Fudō Myōō, and the god’s voice was heard:
“If you would take the place of your teacher, then let me take your place instead.”
Suddenly, Shōkū and Chikō sat up, both of then restored to life.
- source : yokai.com/taizanfukunnosai

. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .




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東嶽大帝（仁聖大帝）Togaku Taitei




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. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .

. 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 Bhaisajyaguru - ABC .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Fukui 福井県　
遠敷郡 Onyū - Onyu district 名田庄村 Natashomura

Osaizangitsune おさいざん狐 a fox named O-Saizan
On a rock above the shrine 加茂神社 Kamo Jinja there lives a 白狐 white fox called O-Saizan. He/she is the protector of Taizan Fukun.
The 狐の火の玉 fire ball of the fox can fly from 天壇 the heavenly abode of Taizan Fukun all the way to this Kamo Shrine.

加茂神社 Kamo Jinja
福井県大飯郡おおい町名田庄納田終127-4



After the Ōnin War 応仁の乱 Onin no Ran in 1467, members of 土御門家 the clan of Tsuchimmikado (from a branch-family of Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005)) fled here. They were strong believers in the power of Kamo Jinja shrine in Kyoto and spread the belief in this shrine in the region.
In the village there are still many thatched-roof houses that have retained their form for centuries.


. Tsuchimikado, Tsuchi no Mikado 土御門天皇 (1196 – 1231) .
- reigned from 1198 to 1210.
- and the famous Onmyōji, Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005)

. Kyoto - The Kamo Shrine complex .
Shimogamo Shrine 下鴨神社 and Kamigamo Shrine 上賀茂神社


. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #taizanfukun #tsuchimikado #foxlegends -
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Kawanabe Kyosai Hell Paintings

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. jigokue, jigoku-e 地獄絵 paintings of hell .
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Kawanabe Kyoosai, Kawanabe Kyōsai 河鍋暁斎 Kawanabe Kyosai
Kawanabe Gyoosai, Kawanabe Gyōsai 河鍋暁斎 Gyosai

画鬼暁斎 Gaki Kyosai, the Demon of painting - as he called himself !

Kyōsai witnessed Japan transform from a feudal country into a modern state.

. Kawanabe Kyosai 河鍋暁斎 (1831 - 1889) .
- Introduction -
Paintings of Daruma, Fudo Myo-O ...
Kawanabe Kyosai Memorial Museum, Warabi, Saitama

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kisai 鬼才・河鍋暁斎 The Genius Kawanabe Kyosai - "Demon Genuius"

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Jigoku Dayu 地獄太夫がいこつの遊戯を夢に見る図 - Hell courtesan




Jigoku Dayu 地獄太夫 Hell courtesan and Ikkyu
Ikkyū, Ikkyu Sojun (1396-1481)




Jigoku Dayû sees herself as a skeleton in the Mirror of Hell
. 月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi .


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Jigoku Dayu by Utagawa Hiroshige I (1797–1858)


- quote -
The old Japanese tale of Jigoku Dayu, or the Hell Courtesan, there are many variations in this story:
Once upon a time,
a very beautiful and elegant courtesan lived in the pleasure quarters of old Japan. She was however extremely arrogant about her own beauty and unbearably cruel to her servants, to the other courtesans of her tea-house and even to her clients. When she suddenly took ill and died, Ema-O, the King Of Hell, stood her before his magical mirror, which shows the true souls of the deceased, and she finally understood how black was her heart. To punish her, the King of Hell made her wear an uchikake, an outer-kimono, made of all the souls of hell being tortured by demons, the weight of which was a constant reminder to the courtesan of how badly she had treated others.
- source : ... jigoku-dayu-dus139-paul-binnie... -


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The Deities of Good Luck throwing beans at the demons
Daikoku, Ebisu and O-Fuku
oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　「鬼は―外！　福は―内！」



. setsubun 節分 "seasonal divide" rituals .

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左甚五郎と京美人圖 Hidari Jingoro and a Kyoto Beauty
detail of a folding screen / 左甚五郎と京美人図

. Hidari Jingoroo 左甚五郎 Hidari Jingoro .
skilfull artist, sculptor and carpenter

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'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' 狂斎百図　- One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai


- CLICK for more photos ! -


- quote -
Oni no inu ma ni sentaku (Doing the Laundry While the Demon is Away)
This original Kawanabe Kyosai (Gyosai) woodcut is printed on nineteenth century Japanese mulberry (rice) paper and with full margins as published by Okura Magobei between 1881 - 1886 in the Kyosai Hyakuzu, 'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' (One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai).
It depicts scenes from Japanese folklore & proverbs dealing with household chores, games & demons (Yokai & Oni). The image is constructed by means of two horizontal subjects, the first scene contains a Japanese proverb or expression (Kotowaza), that reads; "Oni no inu ma ni sentaku" which loosely translates to (Doing the Laundry While the Demon is away) or (When the cat is away, the mice will play). The scene depicts a woman washing clothes and a large cat sitting nearby while a grumpy old man goes out for a walk.
The Japanese proverb for he lower scene reads; "Oya ni ninu ko wa oni no ko" which translates to (A child that does not resemble its parents is a Demon Child). Depending on the context, this expression can refer to a child who is misbehaving and is not adapting to the family expectations or it may refer to a simple children's game known as hide and seek. Here the artist depicts children at play, a mother, with her naked child wrapped around her shoulders, chasing a diminutive demon, who in turn is chasing after several frightened children. However, the expression of laughter on the mother's face as she grabs at the little red demon, indicates that it is all in fun. Laughter, in fact, appears to be the connecting link within these delightful and bizarre scenes.
- source : artoftheprint.com/artistpages/kyosai -




..... scenes from Japanese folklore and proverbs dealing with household chores, games and demons (Yokai and Oni).
from the series 'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' 狂斎百図　- One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai.
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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暁斎百鬼画談 Kyosai - tales and paintings of 100 demons
“Kyosai's One Hundred Scary Illustrated Tales”








- CLICK for more photos ! -

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- book references : Kyosai at amazon com -


Night Parade Of Hell Creatures: Bizarre Demonic Art By Kyosai
by Jack Hunter (Editor), Kawanabe Kyosai (Artist)



Kawanabe Kyosai (1831-89) was only 6 years old when he joined the school of the great ukiyo-e master Utagawa Kuniyoshi, along with such fellow pupils as Yoshitoshi, who followed him in 1850. Later Kyosai studied traditional Japanese painting at the Kano school. As befits this varied apprenticeship, Kyosai would embrace many styles and methods during his artistic career. His eclectic approach may also be partly attributable to a legendary sake-drinking habit, which could account for the more bizarre extremes of his chosen subject matter - in particular, weird demons and the bloody tortures of Hell. Kyosai can now be regarded as not only one of the last true ukiyo-e masters, but also as one of the first truly modernist painters of Japan.

"Night Parade Of Hell Creatures", edited by Jack Hunter (who also edited the ground-breaking extreme ukiyo-e anthology "Dream Spectres”), collects and considers over 100 of Kyosai's most innovative, demented and bizarre images - including multiple yokai, ghosts and demons - presented in large-format and full-colour throughout.


- CLICK for more photos ! -


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Yokai Wars: Demonic Manga by Kyosai
by Kawanabe Kyosai (Author, Illustrator)



"Yokai Wars" is a special art ebook which collects two of Kyosai's most complete sets of colour sketches themed around demons, monsters, devil-animals, and visions of Hell. These 52 images, dating from 1879 and 1889, showcase the artist's deranged vision at its most inventive, delirious, darkly humorous and at times sadistic.



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画鬼 暁斎 Gaki Kyosai and Josiah Conder




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Hell in Japanese Art
by Ryouji Kajitani, Naoki Nishida (Authors), Kazuya Takaoka (Designer)



This art book showcases a wide collection of depictions of hell in Japanese art from the 12th century to the 19th century. The single-volume collection focuses primarily on works designated as Japanese National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties and features the various depictions of hell by prominent artists such as Kazunobu Kano, Nichōsai 耳鳥斎　Nichosai, Yoshitoshi Tsukioka and Kyosai Kawanabe.
This volume also features the 19th century woodblock-printed edition of "Ojoyoshu" The Essentials of Rebirth in the Pure Land) written by the medieval Buddhist monk Genshin (942-1017) and is accompanied by modern bilingual text. ... These ideas of hell in "Ojoyoshu" have played an enduring role in inspiring Japanese Buddhist paintings and other subsequent texts, particularly from the medieval period onward, and are vividly portrayed in the painting featured in this volume.


. The Ōjōyōshū 往生要集 The Essentials of Rebirth in the Pure Land .
Genshin　源信　 (942-1017), Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu

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Demon of painting: the art of Kawanabe Kyōsai
Though ghosts and demons do not exist in this world, the artist Kawanabe Kyōsai proved his artistic worth in his paintings depicting them ...
Kawanabe Kyosai: Beauty and Demon Queller
Kawanabe Kyōsai's Bake-Bake Gakkō (化々學校), or 'School for Spooks' (1872) ... In a classroom full of demons we can see a desk that has sprouted legs ...
... an episode from the life of Shaka (Skt: Sakyamuni), the historical Buddha, the attack of the demon king Mara ...
- reference : kawanabe kyosai demons -


- - kawanabe kyōsai on facebook - -

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蝿虎即暁斎のかみつき貌

高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi


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Enma Emmado Edo

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. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
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. Enma Ten, Enma Oo 閻魔天、閻魔王　Emma King of Hell .

Temples in his honor are usually called Enmadoo 閻魔堂 Emma-Do, Emma Hall.



The statue of Enma is 3,5 m high and 4,5 m wide. (Said to be the largest in Japan.)
If people throw coins in the box for offerings (saisenbako 賽銭箱), the halo in the back of the statue lights up and flickers for a while. The statue is therefore called
ハイテク闇魔 Hi-Tech Enma.

. Fukagawa "深川ゑんま堂" Fukagawa Emma-Do .
Gofunai Henro Nr. 74 - Hoojoo-In 法乗院 Hojo-In
- 賢台山 Kentaizan　法乗院 Hojo-In　賢法寺 Kenpo-Ji
法乗院えんま堂 Hojo-In Enma-Do -
江東区深川2-16-3 / Kōtō ward, Fukagawa, 2 Chome−16-3

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Apart from this one, there are three important Emmado temples in Edo (introduced below)
江戸三大閻魔 / 江戸三閻魔

- 華徳院 Ketoku-In - Suginami
- 太宗寺 Taiso-Ji - Shinjuku
- 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji - Toshima


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Ketokuin 華徳院 Ketoku-In (Katoku-In)
- 称光山　華徳院 Ketoku-In 　太宗寺 Taiso-Ji
杉並区松ノ木3-32-11 / Tokyo, Suginami, Matsunoki, 3 Chome 32-11
天台宗 Tendai sect


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-ketokuin

It was founded in 下野国佐野 (now Tochigi, Sano town 栃木県佐野市）by . Ennin 円仁 - Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 / 慈覺大師 . - (794 – 864)
It was called 蔵前の閻魔堂 Kuramae no Enmado.

The main statue was made by 運慶蘇生 Unkei and is in the center. To its richt is a statue of the same wood of 奪衣婆 Datsueba, the "Hag of Hell", and to its left a statue of 本地化馬地蔵尊 made by 聖徳太子 Shotoku Taishi.

The temple and the statues burned down during the great earthquake in 1923.
The temple moved to its present location in 1929.
A new statue of Enma was given by 日光輪王寺


- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/suginami -


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Taisooji 太宗寺 Taiso-Ji

- 霞関山　本覚院　太宗寺 Taiso-Ji
新宿区新宿2-9-2 / Tokyo, Shinjuku 2-9-2
浄土宗 Jodo Sect

The main statue is 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai.


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-taisoji

- History
Founded in 1596 at the beginning of the Oshu Kaido highway by priest 太宗 Taiso. One of the Six Jizo of Highways:
Nr. 03 - . Edo Roku Jizo 江戸六地蔵 The Six Jizō Bosatsu of Edo .

- Other Pilgrimages
新宿山之手七福神の布袋尊 Shinjuku - Shichifukujin - Hotei

- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/shinjuku -



太宗寺不動堂 Fudo Hall



太宗寺塩かけ地蔵 Shiokake-Jizo －Jizo to throw salt at
When making a wish, people throw some salt on the statue. When the wish has been granted, they come back and throw even more salt at Jizo.

. Jizō - Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - Introduction .

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Zenyooji 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji

- 薬王山 Yakuozan　延寿院　善養寺 Zenyo-Ji
豊島区西巣鴨4-8-25 / Tokyo, Toshima, Nishisugamo, 4 Chome 8-25
Shingon sect

The main statue is 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai.


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-zenyoji

This temple was founded around 830 by 慈覚大師 Jigaku Daishi in Uenoyama, as 上野東叡山寛永寺末 a sub-temple of the Ueno Kanei-Ji.
It was moved to 下谷区善養寺町 Shitaya, Zenyojicho around 1670. To make room for the railway it was moved to ist present location in 1912.
The wooden statue of Enma is about 3 meters high,

- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/toshima -

. Ennin 円仁 - Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 / 慈覺大師 . - (794 – 864)

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There is another temple named 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji in Tokyo
Tokyo, Edogawa ward, Higashi-Koiwa 2-24-2

In the compound are various stone memorial monuments, like 石燈籠 stone lanterns and 宝篋印塔 grave markers.
The grave of the potter and painter 尾形乾山 Ogata Kenzan (1663 - 1743) is in the compound.
In the compound is also an old pine tree of more than 600 years, 影向のマツ　Yogo no Matsu.
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There is another temple named 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji in 滋賀県 Shiga, 高島市 Takashima city
Makinocho Hiruguchi, Takashima, Shiga
It comes with a legend of a fox:
The priest of 善養寺 the Temple Zenyo-Ji had been looking after a fox family.
To show his gratitude, the fox told him how to prepare medicine.
The medicine was very useful and the temple became rich by selling it.
Even the fox sometimes went out to sell it.
. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .


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- reference source : tesshow.jp/edo3enma_index -
- reference : 華徳院 -
- reference : 太宗寺 -
- reference : 善養寺 -

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. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .

. Pilgrimages in Edo - Tokyo .


- Koya San in Wakayama 和歌山　高野山　-

- Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師　空海 (774 - 835) -


. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 Pilgrimage to 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
- Introduction -

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .

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Eingakyo Sutra

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Eingakyoo 絵因果経 E-Inga-Kyo - Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect



Different parts of the Eingakyo scroll are available at various temples and museums.

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- quote -
National Institutes for Cultural Heritage:
"Eingakyo" is a set of eight painting scrolls created by adding paintings to "Kakogenzai Ingakyo
(Ryusho Gunabattara, translated in the mid Genga period (Sung) (fifth century)" consisting of four scrolls.
The list known as "Tenmeishouhin gonengogatsunanoka ruishushoujoukeinouhitsu mokuroku (天平勝寳五年五月七日類収小乗經納櫃目録)" of Shosoin Monjo has an item of "Gaiinkei nibujuurokkan (畫因果經二部十六巻) (two sets of 16 scrolls)" and this is the first appearance in Japanese literature. Another list known as "Heikatuhinhassai sichigatufutsukaruijuu toshoryoukeimokuroku (平勝寳八歳七月二日類従圖書寮經目録)" has an item of "Souingakeihatu Jusankan ichinichi tunonaka itchichitsue (繪因果經八（十三）巻　一（二）帙之中一帙繪)."
At that time, the creation of pictorial covers of Kyokan became popular at places where Sutras were copied when the relationship between the places and the painters deepened. It is significant that Buddhist paintings were understood in conjunction with the text expressions in "Eingakyo."

Existing "Eingakyo" from the Nara period are those held by Jobon Rendai-ji Temple (the first one of a set of two), Godai-ji Temple (the first one of a set of three), the old Masuda family (the first one of a set of four),
Tokyo Geijutsu Daigaku (the second one of a set of four) and
the Idemitsu Museum of Arts (the first one of a set of three).

The painting held at this museum is one of those that used to make up one scroll together with those held in Jobon Rendai-ji Temple and represent the last scene of "Shimon Shutsuyu" following the four scenes ("Kyoshibugei (競試武芸)," "Kanjyo Taishi (灌頂太子)," "Enbujukashiyui (閻浮樹下思惟)" and "Nouki (納妃)"). They represent those including scenes of Prince having a dialogue with Biku (a trainee Buddhist priest) after exiting the north gate and then Biku heading for the sky, of Prince coming back to the castle on a horse, of Udai (one of Shaka's disciples) talking to a king, of Prince meeting Biku, of a dialogue with Biku, of Prince and his wife watching Geiki singing and dancing to music and finally Prince asking King for permission to become a priest.

As each existing "Eingakyo" has unique expressions, it seems unlikely that they were created by the same painter in the same period. However, it seems this can be a valuable clue to looking into the situation of the Gakoshi (an institution to which painters belong) of the time.
This is a rare and extremely valuable work from the Nara period that still exists.

- Look at the scroll here :
- source : emuseum.jp/detail -


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mamono　魔物 demons and monsters from the scroll
They represent the deities of other religions which Shakyamuni encounters.
There are more than 30 Mamono appearing on the scroll. Some look very much like Oni.














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Joobon Rendaiji 上品蓮台寺 Temple Jobon Rendai-Ji

- quote -
The Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect from Jobon Rendai-ji
This sutra is called the
Sutra of Cause and Effect in the Past and Present (過去現在因果経 Kako genzai inga kyo),
more commonly known as the
Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect (J., E inga kyo).
The words of the sutra are copied in the lower half, while the upper half illustrates representative scenes described below. The story begins with the training of the historical Buddha Sakyamuni in his past lives, how he was freed suffering and delusion, and how he achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha. In other words, this sutra is somewhat like the Buddha's biography.

Putting aside these tales of his previous lives, Sakyamuni himself was born about 2,500 years ago in India as a prince, named Siddhartha. His family name was Gautama. His father was Suddhodana, the ruler of a small kingdom called Kapilavastu (on the boarder of present-day Nepal and India); his mother was Queen Maya. According to legend, he was born in the nearby garden of Lumbini. As a prince, Siddhartha spent his childhood and youth in comfort.

This sutra from Jobon Rendai-ji Temple in Kyoto starts from around the time the prince was ten years old. The young Siddhartha spent his time competing in skill and strength against his cousin Devadatta and his half-brother Nanda and always winning. The illustration here captures such a scene that demonstrates the prince's amazing abilities.
- photo -
Here, Siddhartha is about to shoot seven drum-shaped targets made of gold and silver. Since there are seven targets, at least seven arrows would usually be needed to hit all of them, but Siddhartha hits all seven with a single arrow!

According to legend, Prince Siddhartha one day ventured out of his castle from four gates-in the directions of east, south, west, and north-and on each occasion he encountered an old man, a sick man, a dead man, and a spiritual man. The image below represents the scene in which the prince leaves the castle from the south gate to see a sick man. The prince, who had been protected from the outside world, was deeply struck by this sight of illness, as he had never seen a sick person before.



The sutra also captures several other interesting scenes such as Siddhartha competing in a wrestling match and plowing a field to demonstrate his strength. The sutra itself was copied in a beautiful kaisho (formal style of calligraphy) in Japan during the Nara period (710-793). The colors used to paint the illustrations even today are surprisingly brilliant. Moreover, this manuscript not only represents one of the few existing examples of painting from the Nara period, but also served as the prototype of emaki (illustrated handscrolls), which became popular from the Heian period (710-793) on. Finally, there are very few eighth-century sutras from the East Asian Buddhist countries of China, Korea, and Japan that are illustrated and that are as well preserved as this wonderful work.
- source : Kyoto National Museum-
Text by Eikei Akao, Department of Fine Arts- 1998


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The Buddhist biographical scriptures that the ancient Japanese used were mainly those written in Chinese and even they were introduced as illustrated biographies. ‘Eingakyo( (Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect) is one of the most famous ancient works that was imported to Japan in the Nara Period (8th century AD).

- reference : Eingakyo -

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Joobon Rendaiji 上品蓮台寺 Temple Jobon Rendai-Ji
京都府京都市北区紫野十二坊町33-1 / 33-1 Murasakino Jūnibōchō, Kita-ku, Kyōto



It was built by 聖徳太子 Shotoku Taishi to venerate his mother.

The main statue is 延命地蔵菩薩 Enmei Jizo Bosatsu - Life-prolonging Jizo




- reference source : wikipedia -


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. jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell .

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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