2014/08/26

Aizen Fudo

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ryootoo Aizen 両頭愛染 Ryoto Aizen with two heads

. Aizen Myo-O 愛染明王 .
- Introduction -

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Aizen with two heads, one of them is Fudo Myo-O

Aizen mit zwei Köpfen (ryoozu Aizen, ryootoo Aizen)
Einer der Köpfe ist Fudo Myo-O.

- quote
不動明王と愛染明王の二つの顔を持った「両頭愛染明王」などの名称をもつ異形の像があり、高野山にもこれらの異形像が伝わっています。



密教には、金剛界と胎蔵界の二つの世界があります。簡単に言えば金剛界が智慧で胎蔵界が慈悲ですね。或いは、金剛界が理論または父親・胎蔵界が愛情または母親、ととってもいいでしょう。金剛界を代表する明王が愛染明王です。そして、胎蔵界を代表する明王が不動明王なのです。不動明王が理や智慧、父親であり、愛染明王が慈悲・愛情・母親であり、逆に守るものとして調和としてあるのでしょうか。

理想は、智慧と慈悲、理と情と分けるのではなく、その両者が合体したものですよね。それが、完璧な状態でしょう。その完璧な姿を現したのが、この両頭愛染なのです。智慧と慈悲、理論と愛情、父と母の統合型なのです。理想と愛情の狭間に悩む方、頭ではわかっているけど感情的にはどうも . . .と悩んでいる方は、この両頭愛染を拝むといいでしょう。
- source : www.sakai.zaq.ne.jp/piicats


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .


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Koyasan Museum 愛染明王 - 高野山霊宝館

Kobo Daishi Kukai introduced  Aizen Myo-O to Japan.

弘法大師によって日本に伝えられた愛染明王は、愛情などの敬愛を祈るほか、息災・増益・ 調伏を祈る本尊として、特に鎌倉時代以降に広く信仰されるようになりました。



- source : www.reihokan.or.jp/syuzohin

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Exhibition in Osaka - treasures from Koyasan
2014年6月1日に閉幕した、大阪市立美術館「山の神仏-吉野・熊野・高野」

両頭愛染明王坐像(天野社伝来)
室町~江戸時代 和歌山・金剛峯寺 Kongobu-Ji, Wakayama



- source : amidatempel.wordpress.com

. Koya San in Wakayama 高野山 和歌山県 .

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Manganji 満願寺 Temple Mangan-Ji
島根県松江市西浜佐陀町879 / 879 Nishihamasadachō, Matsue-shi, Shimane

尼子合戦の折り毛利勢の陣となり、毛利元就公病気平癒により寄進された、愛欲を悟りの心に変え浄化しようとされる愛染明王と不動明王の二つの顔をもつ仏様です。

When Mori Motonari 毛利元就 (1497 - 1571) was ill, he made a donation of this statue and prayed for healing.
Aizen Myo-O and Fudo Myo-O.



- source : www1.ocn.ne.jp/~manganji


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Even as a tatoo - by Wakatomo



- source : wakatomo.sblo.jp


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金沢文庫・特別展 「愛と怒りのほとけ愛染明王」
平成23年10月15日(土)~12月4日(日)
Kanazawa Bunko Exhibition



- source : blog.goo.ne.jp/touhaku-choukoku


. Kanazawa Bunko (金沢文庫) .
a private museum located in Kanazawa Ward, Yokohama, Japan.


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. Aizen Myo-O 愛染明王 .


. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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2014/08/23

Chokugan-Ji temples

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Chokuganji 勅願寺 Chokugan-Ji, "Imperial Temple"

temples established by direct orders from an Emperor

temples constructed on behalf of an emperor, with the wish to bring peace and unity to the land of Japan.
a temple built upon Imperial orders, in the name of an emperor

temple built at an imperial behest

a temple where prayers are offered for the well-being of the Imperial Family and the peace of the country, sometimes an existing temple was claimed for this purpose later after its founding.

When an emperor decided to have a temple built with a certain vow to the deities, he usually entrusted a high priest with the effort to visit that region and supervise the construction.
The founder of a temple is called

. kaisan 開山 temple founder, "opening the mountain" .

The kaisan is usually the first head monk (juushoku 住職 jushoku) of this temple.

The hall to honor this priest is the
kaisandoo 開山堂 "Hall of the Founder".


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kiganji 祈願所 "place for special prayers"
this could be a Buddhist temple or Shinto shrine

Temples for the imperial family were called
kiganji 祈願寺 kigan-ji "temple of supplication"
or chokugan-ji.

There are seven kigan-ji for the Tokugawa family. (see Nanatsudera)

Before the Meiji reform, many temples and shrined resided side by side in the same compound.

Many shrines were "clan shrines" for the
. ujigami 氏神 clan KAMI deities .


. Nanatsudera 七寺 Nanatsudera 長福寺 Chofukuji .
Official temple for the Owari Tokugawa clan 尾張徳川藩祈願所


Yudonosan Dainichibo 湯殿山 大日坊
Yudonosan ranks with Ise and Kumano as one of the three great sacred places in Japan.
Kiganji of Tokugawa Shogunate
In the 8th year of Keicho (AD 1603), Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Edo Shogunate. Two years later, he retired to Sumpu Castle, making his son, Hidetada his successor as Shogun. Ofuku (Kasuga-no-Tsubone), who was appointed the official wet nurse on the birth of Takechiyo, Hidetada’s son in 1604, became a major influence ruling O-Oku (the inner palace).
The ostensible reason for Ofuku’s visit in supplication to Yudonosan and the statue of Dainichi-Nyorai(Mahavirocana) which was made by Kukai Kobo Daishi and the principle image of Yudonosan Dainichibo was for recovery from illness of Hidetada, but in fact, a desperate and secret supplication was made to strengthen Takechiyo physically and establish him as the successor to the Shogunate.
As a result, Takechiyo became the third Shogun, Tokugawa Iemitsu 徳川家光.
Kasuga-no-Tsubone donated the statue of Dainichi-Nyorai to Yudonosan-Dainichibo, and since then, it was recognized as one of the seven Kiganji (Temples of Supplication) located through Japan under the patronage of the Tokugawa-Shogunate.
- source : www.dainichibou.or.jp


Kannon-in 観音院 ,
formally known as Fudarakusan Jigen-ji Kannon-in (補陀落山慈眼寺観音院?), is a Buddhist temple in Uemachi district of the city of Tottori, Tottori Prefecture. Kannon-in was built early in the Edo period (1603 – 1868) and is noted for its Edo-style Japanese garden.

Kannon-in built in the early Edo period and its history is closely related to that of the Ikeda clan. Ikeda Tadakatsu (池田忠雄) (1602 – 1632), daimyō of the Okayama Domain in Bizen Province and lord of Okayama Castle, died at a young age and was succeeded by his 3 year old son Ikeda Mitsunaka (池田光仲) (1630 – 1693). The Tokugawa shogunate named the infant Mitsunaka daimyō of Tottori Domain in Hōki and Inaba provinces.
Mitsunaka's oldest son, the second lord of the Tottori Domain, named Kannon-in a kiganji (祈願寺) prayer temple. The temple attained the high status of one of the eight prayer temples (八ヶ寺 hachigatera) of the domain, a status it would retain throughout the Edo period.
- source : wikipedia


- further reference - TBA -

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The most well-known is probably the

. Toodaiji 東大寺 Todai-Ji . - Nara.
by Shoomu Tennoo 聖武天皇 Shomu Tenno (701 - 756)

Other temples dedicated by this emperor are

太田山 豊楽寺 Buraku-Ji - Kochi (真言宗、高知県大豊町)
躑躅山 林昌寺 Rinsho-Ji - Osaka (真言宗、大阪府泉南市)
巌金山 宝厳寺 Hogon-Ji - Shiga (真言宗、滋賀県長浜市)
阿星山 長寿寺 Choju-Ji - Shiga (天台宗、滋賀県湖南市)
石光山 石山寺 Ishiyamadera - Shiga (東寺真言宗、滋賀県大津市)
鼻高山 霊山寺 Ryozen-Ji - Nara (真言宗、奈良市)
泉生山 酒見寺 Sagami-Ji - Hyogo (真言宗、兵庫県加西市)

忍辱山 円成寺 Enjo-Ji - Nara(真言宗、奈良県奈良市)
聖武天皇・孝謙天皇 Shomu Tenno and Koken Tenno (718 - 770)

大悲山 慈眼院 Jigen-In - Osaka (真言宗、大阪府泉佐野市)
天武天皇・聖武天皇 Tenmu Tenno ( ? - 686) and Shomu Tenno


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Amidaji 阿弥陀寺 Amida-Ji
Teramachi-dôri, Kyoto

Emperor Ôgimachi正親町天皇 (1517-1539) Ogimachi
founded around 1532-1554 by Saint Seigyoku Shônin

Seigyoku had deep connections to the Oda family, and on 1582/6/2, on the day of the Honnôji Incident (when Oda Nobunaga was betrayed and killed), it is said he gathered the bones and/or other remains of Nobunaga, Nobutada, and the roughly one hundred followers who died that day, and buried those remains here at Amidadera.
- source : toranosuke

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Choofukujuji 長福寿寺 Chofukuju-Ji
Chiba 千葉県長生郡長南町

桓武天皇 Kanmu Tenno (703 - 806)
by Dengyo Daishi Saicho 伝教大師 最澄 in 798

- - - With elephants at the gate !
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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. Dainichiji 大日寺 Dainichi-Ji, 光明寺 Komyo-Ji . - Aichi, 武豊町 Taketoyo town

. Daiyuuji 太融寺 Daiyu-Ji .
Kita, Osaka 大阪市北区太融寺町3
Kobo Daishi built this temple on the strong wish of Emperor Saga in 821.

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. Mibudera 壬生寺 Mibu-Dera .
31 Mibunaginomiyacho, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto,

In 1077 the Emperor Shirakawa 白川 (r.1073-87) awarded Mibu-dera Temple the status of Chokuganji.

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. 大内山 仁和寺 Ninna-Ji .
in 888 by Emperor Uda 宇多天皇.
京都市右京区 - 33 Omuro-Ouchi, Ukyō-ku, Kyoto,

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Senjuji 高田山 専修寺 Senju-Ji, Takadayama
Mie, Tsu 三重県津市

by Gotsuchi Mikado 後土御門天皇 (1442 - 1500)

Founded by Shinran in 1226
- source : wikipedia


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- List of the most important chokugan-ji
主要な勅願寺

- - - - - 後醍醐天皇 Godaigo Tenno (1288 - 1339)
具足山 妙顕寺 Myoken-Ji Kyoto (日蓮宗、京都市上京区)
塔尾山 如意輪寺 Nyoirin-Ji - Nara (浄土宗、奈良県吉野郡) - 後醍醐天皇

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- - - - - 光仁天皇 Konin Tenno (709 - 781)
秋篠寺 Akishinodera - Nara(単立、奈良県奈良市)
根本山 神峯山寺 Kabusan-Ji - Osaka (天台宗、大阪府高槻市)


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- - - - - 推古天皇 Suiko Tenno (554 - 628)
比金山 如意寺 Nyoi-Ji - Hyogo (天台宗、兵庫県神戸市)
那智山 青岸渡寺 Seiganto-Ji - Wakayama (天台宗、和歌山県那智勝浦町)

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慶徳山 長保寺 Choho-Ji - Wakayama (天台宗、和歌山県海南市)
一条天皇 Ichijo Tenno (980 - 1011)

普門山 長久寺 Chokyu-Ji - Shiga(真言宗豊山派、滋賀県彦根市)
後三条天皇 Gosanjo Tenno (1034 - 1073)

深雪山 醍醐寺 Daigo-Ji - Kyoto (真言宗、京都市伏見区)
醍醐天皇 Daigo Tenno (885 - 930)
. Daigoji 醍醐寺 Daigo-Ji .

龍池山 大雲院 Daiun-In - Kyoto (単立、京都府京都市)
後陽成天皇 Goyosei Tenno (1571 - 1617)

天音山 道成寺 Dojo-Ji - Wakayama (天台宗、和歌山県日高川町)
文武天皇 Monmu Tenno (683 - 707)

清水山 観世音寺 Kanzeon-Ji - Fukuoka (天台宗、福岡県太宰府市)
天智天皇 Tenchi Tenno (626 - 672)

七宝山 本山寺 Motoyama-Ji - Kagawa (真言宗、香川県三豊市)
平城天皇 Heizei Tenno (774 - 824)

正法山 妙心寺 Myoshin-Ji - Kyoto(臨済宗、京都市右京区)
花園法皇 Hanazono Tenno (1297 - 1348)

瑞龍山 南禅寺 Nanzen-Ji - Kyoto (臨済宗、京都市左京区)
亀山法皇 Kameyama Tenno (1294 - 1305)
. Nanzenji 南禅寺 Nanzen-Ji .

小比叡山 蓮華峰寺 Rengebu-Ji - Niigata (真言宗、新潟県佐渡市)
嵯峨天皇 Saga Tenno (786 - 842)

西大寺 Saidai-Ji - Nara (真言律宗、奈良県奈良市)
称徳天皇 Koken Tenno (718 - 770)

法輪山 正明寺 Shomyo-Ji - Shiga (黄檗宗、滋賀県日野町)
後水尾上皇 Go Mizuno-O Tenno (1596 - 1680)

三身山 太山寺 Taisan-Ji - Hyogo (天台宗、兵庫県神戸市)
元正天皇 Gensho Tenno (680 - 748)

薬師寺 Yakushi-Ji - Nara (法相宗、奈良県奈良市)
天武天皇 ( ? - 686) Tenmu Tenno

松島青龍山 瑞巌寺 Zuigan-Ji - Miyagi (臨済宗、宮城県松島町)
淳和天皇 Junna Tenno - (786 - 840)
. Zuiganji 瑞巌寺 Zuigan-Ji and Matsushima 松島 .

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竜宝山 大徳寺 Daitoku-Ji - Kyoto (臨済宗、京都市北区)
音羽山 清水寺 Kiyomizudera - Kyoto (法相宗、京都市東山区)
定額山 善光寺 Zenko-Ji - Nagano (無宗派、長野県長野市)

- - - reference - wikipedia -


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Temples related to . Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .


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. Fukagawa Fudo 深川不動堂 . - Edo/Tokyo
by 嵯峨天皇 Saga Tenno (786 - 842)

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. Daishooin 大聖院 Daisho-In .
勅願堂 Chokugan Do Hall
Itsukushima in Miyajima
kaisan Kobo Daishi Kukai
by Emperor Toba 鳥羽上皇 / 鳥羽天皇 (1103 - 1156)

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. Iwaya Fudo 岩屋不動、岩屋山志明院 - Shinmyo-In .
北区雲ケ畑出谷町261 / 261 Kumogahatadetanichō, Kita-ku, Kyōto
by 淳和天皇 Junna Tenno - (786 - 840)
kaisan Kobo Daishi Kukai

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. Jionji 本山慈恩寺 Honzan Jion-Ji .

山形県寒河江市大字慈恩寺地籍31
31 Jionji, Sagae, Yamagata Prefecture

in 746 priest Baramon Sojo 波羅門僧上 Bodaisenna founded the temple
on request of Shomu Tenno (701 - 756)
犬突き不動 Inu-tsuki Fudo, Fudo Myo-o 不動明王 piercing a dog 

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北向のお不動さん Kitamuki-Fudo facing North in Kyoto
不動寺 Fudo-Ji - 下京区松原通麩屋町
Emperor Kanmu Tenno 桓武天皇 had four "Iwakura" Sacred Stone Areas constructed in Kyoto, one for each heavenly direction. This temple was in the south : 南岩倉 明王院不動寺, with Fudo facing North.
- and -
北向山不動院 Kitamukizan, Fudo-In, Fushimi
Fushimi 伏見区竹田浄菩提院町61
by Emperor Toba 鳥羽上皇 / 鳥羽天皇 (1103 - 1156)

. Kitamuki-Fudo facing North 北向のお不動尊 .


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. Ooyama Fudo 大山の不動 Oyama Fudo .
Afurisan Oyamadera 雨降山 大山寺
神奈川県伊勢原市大山724 / 724 Oyama, Isehara, Kanagawa
by 聖武天皇 Shomu Tenno


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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -


山蛭の落ちて浜名の勅願寺
yamabiru no ochite Hamana no chokuganji

mountain leeches
are falling down at Hamana
imperial temple


Hamada Kozue 浜田小枝




Oogaji 応賀寺(おうがじ)Temple Oga-Ji - 鏡光山応賀寺
静岡県湖西市新居町中之郷68-1 / 68-1 Araichō Nakanogō, Kosai-shi, Shizuoka


Gansuiji 岩水寺(がんすいじ)Gansui-Ji
静岡県浜松市浜北区根堅2238 / 2238 Negata, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka

Makayaji 摩訶耶寺(まかやじ)Makaya-Ji
静岡県浜松市北区三ケ日町摩訶耶421 / 421 Mikkabichō Makaya, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka

Founded in 724 by 聖武天皇 Shomu Tenno
kaisan is . Gyoki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 (668-749) - Gyōki .


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やまがらの声よくとほる勅願寺
yama kara no koe yoku tooru chokuganji

from the imperial temple
voices are heard
all over the mountain


Yano Noriko 矢野典子

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刈られたる藻の饐うるなり勅願寺
大石悦子

勅願寺朽ちたり雀孕みつゝ
大島民郎

勅願寺馬穴の水の氷りけり
高澤良一

椋鳥や島の高みの勅願寺
阪本謙二

老鴬や杣人とほる勅願寺
大峯あきら

花咲いて浮世の沙汰の勅願寺
大石悦子

葉牡丹で年を迎へし勅願寺
川崎展宏

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #chokuganji -
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2014/08/10

Nishi Mino Pilgrims

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Nishi Mino Pilgrims 西美濃三十三霊場 to 33 temples

Mino matsuri 美濃祭 Mino festival
at 八幡神社 岐阜県美濃 Hachiman Jinja
. WKD - Mino Festival (Mino matsuri) .





source : adachi-hanga.com

Two pilgrims looking at waterfall while other pilgrims rest in nearby shelter.
美濃国養老の滝 Mino no kuni yoro no taki

. Katsushige Hokusai (1760-1849) .
Print from 1832

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○第1番 両界山 横蔵寺  揖斐郡揖斐川町谷汲神原1160 0585-55-2811
○第2番 宝雲山 来振寺  揖斐郡大野町大字稲富397-1 0585-32-0078
○新3番 春日山 金剛寺  揖斐郡揖斐川町市場
○旧3番 池鏡山 圓鏡寺  本巣郡北方町大門
○第4番 清光山 月桂院  揖斐郡揖斐川町長良72 0585-22-2652
○第5番 瑞巌山 天喜寺  大垣市上石津町 一之瀬1316-1 0584-47-2307
○第6番 医王山 東光寺  揖斐郡揖斐川町小野135 0585-22-1043
○第7番 城台山 一心寺  揖斐郡揖斐川町三輪2924-2-2 0585-22-0484
○第8番 高尾山 善南寺  揖斐郡池田町片山2663 0585-45-3820
○第9番 阿梨耶山 弓削禅寺 揖斐郡池田町段739 0585-45-3804

○第10番 洞海山 平安寺  揖斐郡池田町舟子402 0585-45-5559
○第11番 萬松山 瑞巌寺  揖斐郡揖斐川町瑞岩寺192 0585-22-1553
○第12番 施無畏山 観音寺 揖斐郡揖斐川町春日中山2751 0585-57-2111
○第13番 渓徳山 洞泉寺  岐阜県揖斐郡揖斐川町小津678 0585-54-2735
○第14番 影向山 善学院  安八郡神戸町大字神戸978-1 0584-27-3786
○第15番 楊岐山 安國寺  揖斐郡池田町小寺304-1 0585-45-3140
○第16番 普賢山 禅幢寺  岐阜県不破郡垂井町岩手
○新17番 西額山 新善光寺 大垣市緑園
○旧17番 朝倉山 真禅院  不破郡垂井町宮代2006 0584-22-2212
○第18番 青坂山 妙應寺  不破郡関ケ原町大字今須2591-1 0584-43-5141
○第19番 清光山 明台寺  大垣市墨俣町墨俣226 0584-62-5562

○第20番 青蓮山 天清院  岐阜県大垣市赤坂町3334 0584-71-0506
○第21番 紫雲山 安楽寺  岐阜県大垣市赤坂町756-1 0584-71-0239
○第22番 紫雲山 求浄庵  岐阜県大垣市久瀬川町5-62
○第23番 補陀山 報恩寺  岐阜県大垣市綾野町2720-1 0584-91-6955
○第24番 養老山 大菩提寺 岐阜県養老郡養老町養老1193
○第25番 瀧壽山 養老寺  岐阜県養老郡養老町養老公園1276-1 0584-32-1021
○第26番 志津山 善教寺  岐阜県海津市南濃町志津1729 0584-57-2846
○第27番 臥龍山 行基寺  岐阜県海津市南濃町上野河戸1024-1 0584-55-0031
○第28番 護國山 寶延寺  岐阜県海津市平田町蛇池141-1 0584-55-0031
○第29番 白光山 文殊寺  岐阜県大垣市錦町23 0584-78-5361

○第30番 桃源山 全昌寺  大垣市船町2丁目21 0584-78-2983
第31番 金生山 明星輪寺 大垣市赤坂町4610 0584-71-0124
○第32番 篠尾山 圓興寺  大垣市青墓町880 0584-71-4539
○第33番 金銀山 國分寺  大垣市青野町419 0584-91-0297
○客番 南部観音堂  大垣市青野町419

- source with hyperlinks : nekomimi-nenbutsu.seesaa.net

- reference -

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. 31 - Kinshoozan 金生山 明星輪寺 Myojorin-Ji .
Gifu - 4610 Akasakacho, Ogaki
岐阜県大垣市赤坂4610


- source : nekomimi-nenbutsu.seesaa.net

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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2014/08/05

kesa kasaya

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kesa 袈裟 kasaya

a surplice, an oblong piece of ornamental cloth worn over the robe by a Buddhist priest


CLICK for more photos !

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- quote
Kāṣāya (Sanskrit: काषाय kāṣāya; Pali: kasāva; Chinese: 袈裟; pinyin: jiāshā;  ; Japanese: 袈裟 kesa; Korean: 袈裟 가사 gasa; Vietnamese: cà-sa), "chougu" (Tibetan)
are the robes of Buddhist monks and nuns, named after a brown or saffron dye. In Sanskrit and Pali, these robes are also given the more general term cīvara, which references the robes without



Origin and construction
Buddhist kāṣāya are said to have originated in India as set of robes for the devotees of Gautama Buddha. A notable variant has a pattern reminiscent of an Asian rice field. Original kāṣāya were constructed of discarded fabric. These were stitched together to form three rectangular pieces of cloth, which were then fit over the body in a specific manner. The three main pieces of cloth are the antarvāsa, the uttarāsaṅga, and the saṃghāti. Together they form the "triple robe," or tricīvara. The tricīvara is described more fully in the Theravāda Vinaya (Vin 1:94 289).

Antarvāsa

The antarvāsa is the inner robe covering the lower body. It is the undergarment that flows underneath the other layers of clothing. It has a large neck, and almost entirely covers the torso. In representations of the Buddha, the bottom of the antarvāsa usually protrudes, and appears in the rough shape of a triangle.

Uttarāsaṅga
A robe covering the upper body. It comes over the undergarment, or antarvāsa. In representations of the Buddha, the uttarāsaṅga rarely appears as the uppermost garment, since it is often covered by the outer robe, or saṃghāti.

Saṃghāti
The saṃghāti is an outer robe used for various occasions. It comes over the upper robe (uttarāsaṅga), and the undergarment (antarvāsa). In representations of the Buddha, the saṃghāti is usually the most visible garment, with the undergarment or uttarāsaṅga protruding at the bottom. It is quite similar in shape to the Greek himation, and its shape and folds have been treated in Greek style in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhāra.

In Japanese Buddhism,
the kāṣāya is called kesa (Jp. 袈裟).



In Japan, during the Edo and Meiji periods, kesa were even sometimes pieced together from robes used in Noh theatre.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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different types of kesa 【袈裟の変遷】








LOOK at more samples here :
- source : depth333trench.blog.shinobi.jp


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- quote
A rectangular ceremonial vestment that is worn draped over the left shoulder by Buddhist monks in East Asia and is emblematic of the robes originally worn by Buddhist monks in India. All kesas are pieced robes (kassetsue 割截衣), made with five, seven, nine, or more panels of cloth that are sewn together. The panels themselves comprise both long and short pieces of cloth.

The word kesa originated as a Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit kāṣāya or "ochre," an earthy pigment containing ferric oxide that varies from light yellow to brown or red. Buddhist monks in India were originally supposed to wear robes made from discarded cloth that was ritually polluted or literally filthy.

The procedure was to cut out usable pieces of cloth, wash them, sew them together, and dye the resulting garment with ochre. From that uniform color, Buddhist patchwork robes in general came to be called kāṣāya. As the monastic institution evolved, new cloth for robes came to be provided by lay donors, but the practice of cutting the cloth into small pieces and sewing those together to make robes was retained.

Buddhist monks in India were allowed three types of kāṣāya:

(1) an antarvāsa or "under robe,"
(2) an uttarāsangha or "upper robe," and
(3) a saghāi or "full dress robe."

In the colder climates of Central Asia and China, however, the Indian mode of dress was often insufficient, so monks from those regions wore their native clothing and draped the Indian upper robe or full dress robe on top of that. In China, the word kāṣāya was transliterated as jiasha 袈裟, which is pronounced kesa in Japanese. Worn over a Chinese-style full-length sleeved robe that was tied at the waist with a belt or sash, the jiasha (kesa) lost its function as a practical piece of clothing to cover and protect the body but retained its meaning as an emblem of membership in the monastic order.

As vestments used only when formally dressed for solemn Buddhist observances, there was a tendency for jiasha to evolve into finery, crafted from pieces of colorful brocaded silk. Soto monks today receive three kesas upon their ordination. →"robes," "three robes," "long robe," "rakusu."
- source : global.sotozen-net.or.jp


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達磨大師由来の袈裟 - Daruma no Kesa



source : www1.ocn.ne.jp/~kyuboku
at temple 種徳寺, 神奈川県足柄上群山北町山北368 

達磨の袈裟 - 法隆寺献納宝物
Treasures at temple Horyuji

. Daruma in the legends of Japan .


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. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .



yui-gesa, yuigesa 結袈裟, Fudo kesa 不動袈裟



十界具足の結袈裟、或いは不動袈裟とも呼ばれております.
- source : www.takaosan.or.jp


- quote
Shugendo - Doctrines Costumes and Tools symbolism
There are ranks, according to a number of pilgrimages carried out and years of practice which is noticed with the color of Yui-Gesa and its pompons(light blue and marine blue for the beginners) and of the color of the cord which girds the size (yellow for the lay ones).
Yui-gesa (or Fudo-kesa, Bonten-kea or Machikon-kesa):
The kesa is the large buddhist toga of the monks, the clothing monastic designed by the Gotama Buddha starting from 9 bands of menstrual linen bent in only one roll of material. This fabric little practises in mountain, where it would tear easily with the rocks and the branches, was folded in only one fabric band to which one added 6 pompoms to symbolize the 6 virtues.
It is a pectoral white (Shiroi ginran bonten kesa) for the monks and chestnut (Cha iro ginran bonten kesa) for the lay practitioner, with reasons encrusted out of gold with sheets with Ginko-Bilobab (symbol of asceticism in the Honzan school).



The color indicates the rank:
Marine blue for the lay beginners and white in the confirmed religious ascetics who practise the difficult retreats (hara-gyô, between 100 and 1000 days). In all the Schools of shugendô, all the yamabushi can be recognized at first glance from a distance by the Kesa worn before even exchanging the first codes of membership of the group. Moreover there is a brotherhood between all the schools of Shugendô: Shugen Kosyukai which gathers Shogoin, Sanpoin, Shozenin, Kimpusenji and Tonanin, Kizoin, Sakuramotobô, Chikuriin, Ryusenji, the sanctuaries of Nachi and Kumano, various affiliated temples of the province of Yamato (Kansai; Kyoto, Nara, Wakayama, Osaka and Mie), of Kanto (area of Tokyo), and of Kyushu and others without distinctions of class nor of doctrines in order to preserve and to preserve intact the teaching and the study of Shugendô. In Shugendô Bonten-kesa is a sign of recognition and membership.
This is the collar of the Fudou Buddha.
- source : www.shugendo.fr


袈裟塚の耳無不動 - miminashi Fudo on a kesa ritual mound
- source : www.city.arakawa.tokyo.jp


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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

老僧も袈裟かづきたる花見哉
roosoo mo kesa katsugitaru hanami kana

the old priest,
wearing his kesa
goes cherry blossom viewing . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

. Enomoto Shidoo 槐本之道 Shido .


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渋色の袈裟きた僧の十夜哉
shibu-iru no kesa kita zoo no juuya kana

the old priest,
wears a light brown kesa
for the 10th night prayers . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .


. the 10th night, juuya 十夜 (じゅうや) .
prayer night of the Jodo sect of Pure Land Buddhism
kigo for early winter

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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2014/08/02

Rokkakudo Kyoto

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Rokkakudoo 六角堂 Rokkaku-Do, Rokkakudo


聖徳太子堂 /  親鸞堂 /  一言願い地蔵 /  へそ石
source and more photos : tempsera.at.webry.info

京都府京都市 中京区六角町東洞院西入堂之前248

Choohooji 頂法寺 Choho-Ji


- quote
Ikenobo and the Rokkakudo Temple
The Rokkakudo Temple is located southeast of the intersection of Karasuma and Sanjo streets in central Kyoto, and is formally known as Shiunzan Chohoji. The name rokkaku refers to the hexagonal shape of the temple (do). The Rokkakudo was founded by Prince Shotoku to enshrine Nyoirin Kannon, the Goddess of Mercy.

Near a pond (ike) where Prince Shotoku bathed, the small hut (bo) of succeeding generations of Buddhist priests gave rise to the name Ikenobo . The Rokkakudo is the site of the birth and development of ikebana. The custom of appreciating flowers in a vase probably dates back almost to the birth of the human race. Involved in this custom is the human characteristic of loving and adoring the beautiful. In this regard, there is no difference between East and West.
In Japan, however, arranging flowers has been carefully considered as the art form and, indeed, way of life called kado (ka, flower; do, way or path).

Ikenobo Headquarters Rokkakudo Temple, Kyoto, Japan


The custom of placing flowers on an altar began when Buddhism was introduced to Japan by way of Korea in about 538 A.D. In the Heian period (794-1192), apart from altar offerings, the practice of enjoying flowers arranged beautifully in a vase also became popular. Poems, novels and essays of the time contain many passages which describe nature, and which also mention the appreciation of flowers in a vase. Especially in the Kokin Wakashu ( The Anthology of Waka compiled by Imperial Order , early 10th century), Genji Monogatari ( The Story of Hikaru Genji , 11th century), and Makura no Soshi ( Essays by Seishonagon , 11th century), we find many vivid descriptions of members of the aristocracy both viewing and enjoying the arrangement of flowers.

In the Kamakura period (1192-1333), samurai (the elite warrior class) seized governing power from the aristocrats, a development which brought about great changes in Japanese society as a whole. The shoin-zukuri style of architecture first appeared at this time. The tokonoma (a small, sacred alcove at the side or end of the zashiki, a room for receiving guests) is a part of this architectural style. Earlier customs of arranging flowers in a vase for use as decoration on a table or in a corner of the room may well be said to have brought about the invention of the tokonoma.
- source : www.ikenobo.jp/english

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- quote
Rokkakudo is a Buddhist temple, and is located about 0.4 km south of Karasuma-Oike intersection.
The position is roughly in the center of central Kyoto, so the narrow temple grounds are surrounded with high buildings.



"Rokkakudo" means "Hexagonal temple". literally, the shape of main temple is hexagonal.


An ancient book says that this temple was founded in 587 by Prince Shotoku who established a political system for the first time in Japan.
But some historians say that it was founded around the 10th or 11th century.
It is not exactly sure when this temple was founded.

Main temple has double hexagonal roofs, and the shape is complex in structure. It was rebuilt in 1877.
There are three Buddha statues in the temple, but we cannot enter the temple and must worship in front of the temple.

This temple was managed by the priests of Ikenobo Family since ancient times.
They had had a custom to place flowers by the Buddha statues.
For a long time, they had created a method how to arrange flowers artistically.
Now, Ikenobo is well-known as the master of Japanese flower arrangement.
There is the building of headquarters of Ikenobo next to this temple.

In the temple grounds, there is a stone called "Heso-ishi". It means "bellybutton stone".
It is said that it was the foundation stone of the original temple.
Because this temple existed before the transfer of the national capital to Kyoto in 794, it has been said that the position is the center of Kyoto.
So this stone has such nickname.
- source : www.travel-around-japan.com


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- quote
In front of the main hall of the temple is a hexagonal stone, known as the Navel Stone, which is believed the mark the center of Kyoto.



heso ishi へそ石 navel stone

- source : kyotoyear.wordpress.com


a store selling
Hesoishi Mochi ヘソ石餅 "navel stone rice cakes"




CLICK for more photos !


. mochi 餅 rice cakes .

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Fudo Myo-O Hall at Rokkakudo

- source : kyotoyear.wordpress.com

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source : ameblo.jp/japo-rhythm




... Fudo Myo-o has to endure being caged in because of the many pigeons that inhabit the temple precincts (and are none too particular about their droppings). Nonetheless the Fudo Myo-o has a wonderful view of the six-sided temple, supposedly founded by Shotoku Taishi
- shared by John Dougill - facebook -


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .


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source : facebook

hana no Jizoo 花の地蔵
Jizo holding flowers, with the byakugo  (the third, all seeing eye)

. Jizo Bosatsu (Kshitigarbha) 地蔵菩薩 .

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六角堂の一柱に倚る夏帽子
Rokkakudoo no itchuu ni yoru natsu booshi

at the Rokkakudo hall
a summer hat leans
on a pillar . . .


Nakajima Hideko 中嶋秀子 (1936 - )

. WKD : summer hat, natsu booshi 夏帽子 .


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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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2014/07/28

Nishiarai Daishi Adachi

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Nishi-Arai Daishi 西新井大師

西新井大師 Nishiarai Daishi - Nr. 26 第二十六番 - 不動堂
. 関東三十六不動霊場
Pilgrimage to 36 Fudo Temples in Kanto / Bando .



CLICK for more photos !

Sooji Ji 総持寺 Soji-Ji, Sojiji - Nishiarai Daishi
東京都区西新井1−15−1, Tokyo Adachi ward

This temple was founded by Kobo Daishi when he travelled in the Kanto area.
He carved the main statue, a Kannon with 11 heads, and prayed to it for 21 days. Then a dried-out well began to bring water again and the farmers nearby were saved from drought. This well is now at the western side of the hall 西新井 "new well in the west", hence the name.

The temple sells amulets for many situations.

- source : www.nishiaraidaishi.or.jp - ogoma_ohuda -




The temple holds a service for old Daruma dolls and old amulets
each year on the 3rd of Feburary
This is one of the largest だるま供養 Daruma Kuyo rituals in Japan.

- Homepage of the temple
- source : www.nishiaraidaishi.or.jp


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Fudoo Doo 不動堂 The Fudo Hall in the temple compound.

mudooson 無動尊 Mudo-Son

Inside is a statue of Fudo Myo-O whith his two attendants at the side.









The Fudo Statue at Mount Hieizan temple is also called 無動尊.

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source : facebook, Takayoshi Shitara
From 西新井大師参道

. Stones and Daruma 石、岩とだるま .


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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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2014/07/20

Tsugaru Three Fudo

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Tsugaru San Fudoo 津軽三不動 Three Fudo Statues in Tsugaru, Aomori

All three statues in Tsugaru are said to have been carved of one large tree.
As brothers, Nagaizawa is the eldest, Nakano the middle and Kogake the youngest brother.

All three statues have been carved in 610 by the Chinese priest
Saint Enchi 円智上人 / 圓智上人.
Enchi had made the vow to promote Buddhism in the Northern parts of Japan and worked a lot near Tsugaru Azumayama 津軽阿津摩山, where he built a small retreat to venerate Dainichi Nyorai 大日坊.
He build five Shingon temples in Tsugaru 津軽真言五山 and found his last meditating place at the temple 最勝院 Saisho-In - see below -

The five Shingon temples of Tsugaru are
最勝院(田町現在銅屋町)- Saisho-In
百澤寺 / 百沢寺(岩木町百沢の現在 岩木山神社)- Hyakutaku-Ji
国上寺(碇ヶ関村古懸)- Kokujo-Ji
橋雲寺(岩木町植田)- Kyoun-Ji
久渡寺(旧小沢村現在坂元) - Kudo-Ji

Enchi was a disciple of the Chinese priest Chisha Daishi 智者大師 Chigi ちぎ / 智ギ (538 - 597), the third founder of the Tendai sect.

. Chisha Daishi Ki 智者大師忌 Memorial day for Chisha Daishi .
kigo for mid-winter


- - - - - Introducing the five Shingon temples of Tsugaru
. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .



. The Birth of Enchi and Kasuga Myojin 春日明神 .

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- There are more "THREE FUDO" groups in Japan -
. Three Most Famous Fudo 三大不動尊 - 不動明王
日本三大不動 - 日本三体不動尊
Nihon Sandai Fudo Son .

- Introduction -


There is also a pilgrimage in Tsugaru to 33 Kannon temples
津軽三十三霊場
- source : www.mutusinpou.co.jp

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Nagaizawa Jinja 長谷沢神社 Kuroishi town

Nakano Jinja 中野神社 - Kuroishi town

Kokujo-Ji 国上寺 - Hirakawa town

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Nagaizawa Jinja 長谷沢神社

青森県黒石市上十川長谷沢壱番囲100-2 - Kitaharayoban-8 Kamitogawa, Kuroishi

- Deity in residence
Yamato Takeru no Mikoto 日本武尊

This shrine and Nakano Shrine were founded by
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811)
- see below -


At the Fudo Hall 不動堂 in the compound, there are three paintings of Fudo Myo-O.
But the wooden statue of Fudo seems to be seated elsewhere now.

- reference - 黒石市 長谷沢神社 -
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Nakano Jinja 中野神社

青森県黒石市南中野字不動舘27 - Fudodate-27 Minaminakano, Kuroishi

This mountain region is famous for the red autumn leaves 中野もみじ山.
And the village is named after the Fudo Hall, Fudo-Date 不動舘.



In the Nakano gorge is a waterfall dedicated to Fudo Myo-O 不動の滝.


- source and more photos : 5.pro.tok2.com/~tetsuyosie

This is a stone statue of Fudo near the waterfall, with a stone frog on each side. This reason is not quite clear.
The wooden statue made by Enchi could not be located yet.


source : madamada888.blog.fc2.com

- reference - 黒石市 中野神社 -

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Kogakesan Fudoo-In Kokujooji 古懸山不動院国上寺 Kokujo-Ji



Kokujo-Ji 國上寺 temple is dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai, Buddha of Healing.
青森県平川市碇ヶ関古懸門前1−1 / Monzen-1-1 Ikarigasekikogake, Hirakawa-shi Town

It has been built in the Heian period on request of Shotoku Taishi at Mount Ajarayama 阿闍羅山 Ajara Yama ( 442 meters) to appease the realm in the Northern districts of Japan.
There were three halls in the compound, one for Fudo Myo-O, one for Dainichi Nyorai 大日坊 and one for Kannon Bosatsu 補陀洛寺.
It is now Nr. 23 on the pilgrimage to 33 Kannon temples in Tsugaru.

In 1154 the regent Hojo Tokiyori (1227 - 1236) re-located the halls to its present location.
They were called 三森山不動院古懸寺 and many warriors of the Kamakura period came here to pray.
In 1588 the first local lord, 津軽右京亮為信 Tsugaru Tamenobu (1550 - 1608) had the temple re-named to 国上山不動院古懸寺 and offered prayers for the safety and peace of the country. Further buildings were also erected at this time, as more land was allocated to the temple.
In 1871 the land was returned to the state and in 1893 during a fire on January 7 many buildings were lost due to a fire.
Munakata Shiko stayed here and promoted the faith in Fudo Myo-O with his art works.


- Temple Chant
むかしより 古懸の山に 法の灯を ともす大師の ありがたきかな
いつまでも 宿りおりたや 国上寺 衣の裾の その下にして





古懸山不動院 Kogakesan Fudo-In (another spelling : Hudouin)
Gomadoo 護摩堂 Goma-Do hall with the statue of Fudo Myo-O
Ajarayama Fudo-In 阿閣羅山不動院




座っている不動尊 - the statue of a seated Fudo Myo-O

- The local story knows this -
The third lord of the region, Tsugaru Nobuyoshi 津軽信義 (1619 - 1655) was at Edo castle when the talk came to statues, so he proudly said "A statue of Fudo Myo-O has to be seated".
But the other daimyo lords did not agree:
"Oh no, this can't be. A statue of Fudo Myo-O always has to be standing!"
The lord of Tsugaru became angry and said:
"Well, if you do not believe me, send an envoy to Tsugaru to have a look at the seated statue."

When Nobuyoshi reached his estate in Edo, he thought by himself:
"Oh dear, I said the statue is seated, but I have never seen it myself really!"
He ordered a fast horse to go to Tsugaru and have the chief retainer at the castle go to the temple to look at the statue.
When the retainer saw the statue, well, it was a standing Fudo Myo-O!
So the retainer, agast at what would happen to his lord in Edo, talked to the statue:
"Please, Fudo sama, sit down. You have to sit down to save the domaine of Tsugaru from great disaster. If you do not sit down now as I order you to, you will be called the "Ungreatful Fudo 恩義知らずの不動" for the rest of your life.

Fudo showed his intimidating face, but then he said:
"Very well then, I will help you and sit down!"
And he kept sitting down till our day.


source : ikarigaseki.xii.jp

The statue of a seated Fudo is also called nemari Fudo Sama ねまり不動様 (lit. "crouching Fudo").

When something bad is going to happen in Tsugaru, the statue starts to sweat (to get wet 湿ってくる).
Maybe it just gets wet when the weather becomes very humid in Tsugaru.

. asekaki Fudo 汗かき不動 / あせかき不動 sweating Fudo .

- The local story knows this -
The second lord of the region, Tsugaru Nobuhira 津軽信牧 (1586 - 1631) had to deal with a long drought and famine in his domaine. He had all the usual rituals for rain and help performed at the temple and was on his way back home. Then suddenly dark clouds came up and it began to rain and rain and rain and thunder ever more. Just when he thought "Well, I better not go home right now ... " he saw a light at the other side. He later learned that at this moment the castle was all aflame, because a producer of fireworks had an accident and fire broke out.
The whole castle burned down, even the large tower and all the historical records he had collected so far.
Legend knows that right before this tragic fire event, the statue of Fudo Myo-O had been sweating. But this time it was foreboding not another famine or flooding, but the fire at the castle.


source : www.hirosaki-taxi.co.jp

- A legend about the Ema votive tablets of this 古懸不動 Fudo:
The horse of the Ema, painted by 狩野法眼 Kano Hogen, used to take off at night and devastate the fields. So he had to paint a chain for the horse to keep it in its place.
(This kind of legend about Kano Hogen is known in other places.)
. Kano Motonobu 狩野元信 Kanō Motonobu .
1476―1559)
Artist name : Kohoogen, Kohōgen こほうげん (古法眼)



津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru
. Nr. 23 - 古懸山 國上寺 Kokujo-Ji(こがけさん こくじょうじ) .

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In the temple are also some Fudo by Munakata Shiko 棟方志功.




source : madamada888.blog.fc2.com

. Shotoku Taishi 聖徳太子 - (574 - 622) .


13 國上寺 - ねまり不動 - Nemari Fudo
Nr. 13 on the pilgrimage
. 東北三十六不動尊霊場 Pilgrimage to 36 Fudo Temples in Tohoku .

- reference -


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. Tamura Shi 田村氏 The Tamura clan .
- Edo 田村小路 Tamura Koji Alley district

Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811)
Sakanouye Tamuramaro -
... a general and shogun of the early Heian Period of Japan.
Serving Emperor Kammu, he was appointed shogun and given the task of conquering the Emishi
(蝦夷征伐 Emishi Seibatsu), a people native to the north of Honshū, which he subjugated and drove from the Tohoku region of Honshu to the island of Hokkaido. After emperor Kammu's death, the general continued to serve the emperors Heizei and Saga.

Recent evidence suggests that a migration of Emishi from northern Honshū to Hokkaidō took place sometime between the seventh and eighth centuries, perhaps as a direct result of this policy that pre-dated Tamuramaro's appointment. However, many Emishi remained in the Tōhoku region as subjects of the expanding Japanese Empire, and later established independent Fushu domains. After Emperor Kammu's death, the general continued to serve Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga as Major Counselor (大納言 dainagon) and Minister of War (兵部卿 Hyōbu-kyō). He was the second man to given the title of shogun.
The first to receive this title was Ōtomo no Otomaro 大伴弟麻呂 (731 - 809).



Sakanoue no Tamuramaro first built Kiyomizu Temple (Kiyomizu-dera), one of the most famous landmarks to be seen in Kyoto.

... It is said that the famous Tanabata festivals and parades of Aomori prefecture (also celebrated in the city of Sendai in Miyagi prefecture), which draw over 3 million people to the prefecture a year, were popularized in remembrance of Sakanoue no Tamuramaro's campaign to subdue the tribal societies then living in Tōhoku. These annual matsuri are called the Nebuta festival in Aomori City and Neputa festival (ねぷた祭り) in Hirosaki City.

... Tamuramaro is reputedly buried at Shōgun-zuka, and his spirit is said to be guarding Kyoto still; but even if part of that tale is only myth, the recorded final resting place of the old warrior was near the village of Kurisu (Kurisu-mura 栗栖村) in Yamashiro's Uji district.

According to the Shoku Nihongi, an official historical record, The Sakaue clan is descended from Emperor Ling of Han China. And Sakaue clan's family tree shows that Tamuramaro is a 14th-generation descendent of Ling.

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Sakanoue no Tamuramaro is known for having founded the

Three - (Six) Kannon Temples in Oshu province 奥州六観音 Oshu Roku Kannon
also called 奥州三観音や6カ寺

to appease the dead bodies of the Emishi burried, and also their "demon deities" 鬼神.
He usually erected mounds for their heads (kubizuka 首塚) and a temple.

奥州三観音 - Three Kannon of Oshu

1 牧山観音(石巻市)- Ishinomaki (Iwate)
2  箟嶽観音(涌谷町)-  Wakuya (Miyagi)
3  富山観音 (松島町)- Matsushima (Miyagi) 

6カ寺 - Six Kannon Temples of Oshu

1 牧山観音(石巻市)- Ishinomaki (Iwate)
2  箟嶽観音(涌谷町)- Wakuya (Miyagi)
3 大武観音(登米市)- Tome (Miyagi) 
4  長谷観音(登米市)- Tome
5 鱒淵観音(登米市)- Tome
6 小迫観音(栗原市)- Kurihara (Miyagi)

- Check this link for further information and photos:
- source : chiyukihirosi.air-nifty.com

. roku Kannon 六観音 six Kannon .


. Chookonji 長根寺 Chokon-Ji - Miyako, Iwate .
The first Yakushi Hall 薬師堂 had been founded by
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 in 807.
A bronze bell from this time is still existing. Sakanoue seems to have founded three Kannon temples in Nagane (Chookon) 観音長根.


Fudo Temple 23 達谷西光寺 天台宗 - 姫待不動尊 - Himemachi Fudo
Takkoku Saiko-ji
... Probably the Japanese people in later generations blindly wanted to believe Tamuramaro Sakanoue as a most respectable hero and "Akuo-o" 悪路王 who fought with Sakanoue as an evil figure.
. Himemachi Fudo, Hiraizumi, Iwate .


. Kubizuka, memorial stone pagodas and mounds for the beheaded ... 首塚 .


. beraboo tako ベラボー凧 kite with a face sticking out the tongue .
from Akita, Noshiro 能代市, said to be used by Tamuramaro

One of the most respected leaders of the Emishi and also by Tamuramaro was
Aterui / Akuro-o / Acro-o アテルイ / 阿弖流爲 (? - 802)
Akuro Jin 悪路神 The Deity Akuro

"Tamo-no-kimi Aterui took up the leadership of this resistance. In 789, Aterui defeated a larger force at the Battle of Kitakami River, and remained at-large until 801, when he was defeated by Sakanoue Tamuramaro. Fighting continued until a court edict in 805, with one last campaign in 811, after which the pacification of the area was considered complete by Imperial edict."
. Mutsu 陸奥 in Tohoku 東北 .



- quote -
..... the most prominent chief of the Isawa (胆沢) band of Emishi in northern Japan.
Aterui was born in Isawa, Hitakami-no-kuni, what is now Mizusawa Ward of Ōshū City in southern Iwate Prefecture.
"Lord of the Bad Road" (悪路王 Akuro-o).
..... In 802 Tamuramaro returned to Michinoku and built Fort Isawa in the heart of Isawa territory. Then on April 15 he reported the most important success of all in this campaign: The Emishi leaders Aterui and More surrendered with more than 500 warriors. General Sakanoue delivered Aterui and More to the capital on July 10. Despite General Sakanoue's pleadings the government, "...cut them down at Moriyama in Kawachi province." .....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



田村麻呂と阿弖流為 - 古代東北 / 新野直吉 
- reference source : jyo-sai.com/castle-report/nodonjon -

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- quote
The World of Sakanouye No Tamuramaro: Black Shogun of Early Japan
by Runoko Rashidi

“For a Samurai to be brave, he must have a bit of Black blood.”
– Japanese Proverb

... I have always thought of Japan as a fascinating country and felt extremely fortunate to be able to travel there. ...
... Meaningful indications of an African presence in ancient Japan have been unearthed from the most remote ages of the Japanese past. ...

SAKANOUYE NO TAMURAMARO: SEI-I TAI-SHOGUN OF EARLY JAPAN
Of the Black people of early Japan, the most picturesque single figure was Sakanouye no Tamuramaro, a warrior symbolized in Japanese history as a “paragon of military virtues,” and a man who has captured the attention of some of the most distinguished scholars of 20th century America.



Perhaps the first such scholar to make note of Tamuramaro was Alexander Francis Chamberlain (1865-1914). An anthropologist, Chamberlain was born in Kenninghall, Norfolk, England, and was brought to America as a child. In April 1911, the Journal of Race Development published an essay by Chamberlain titled The Contribution of the Negro to Human Civilization. While discussing the African presence in early Asia, Chamberlain stated in an exceptionally frank and matter of fact manner:

“And we can cross the whole of Asia and find the Negro again, for when, in far-off Japan, the ancestors of the modern Japanese were making their way northward against the Ainu, the aborigines of that country, the leader of their armies was Sakanouye Tamuramaro, a famous general and a Negro.”

Dr. W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963), perhaps the greatest scholar in American history, in his book, The Negro (first published in 1915), placed Sakanouye Tamuramaro within a list of some of the most distinguished Black rulers and warriors in antiquity.

In 1922, Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) and Charles Harris Wesley (1891-?) in a chapter called Africans in History with Others, in their book, The Negro in Our History, quoted Chamberlain on Tamuramaro verbatim. In the November 1940 issue of the Negro History Bulletin (founded by Dr. Woodson), artist and illustrator Lois Maillou Jones (1905-1998) contributed a brief article titled Sakanouye Tamura Maro.

In the article Jones pointed out that:
“The probable number of Negroes who reached the shores of Asia may be estimated somewhat by the wide area over which they were found on that continent. Historians tell us that at one time Negroes were found in all of the countries of southern Asia bordering the Indian Ocean and along the east coast as far as Japan. There are many interesting stories told by those who reached that distant land which at that time they called "Cipango".
One of the most prominent characters in Japanese history was a Negro warrior called Sakanouye Tamura Maro.”

Very similar themes were expressed in 1946 in In the Orient, the first section of Distinguished Negroes Abroad, a book by Beatrice J. Fleming and Marion J. Pryde in which was contained a small chapter dedicated to
The Negro General of Japan — Sakanouye Tamuramaro.


JAPAN --FUDO MY'O --
PATRON OF THE SAMURAI AND ONE OF THE FIVE WISDOM KINGS IN JAPANESE MYTHOLOGY

In 1940, the great Joel Augustus Rogers (1883-1966), who probably did more to popularize African history than any scholar of the 20th century, devoted several pages of the first volume of his book, Sex and Race to the Black presence in early Japan. He cites the studies of a number of accomplished scholars and anthropologists, and even goes as far as to raise the question, “Were the first Japanese Negroes?”

In the words of Rogers:
“There is a very evident Negro strain in a certain element of the Japanese population, particularly those in the south. Imbert says, ‘The Negro element in Japan is recognizable by the Negroid aspect of certain inhabitants with dark and often blackish skin, frizzly or curly hair. ... The Negritos are the oldest race of the Far East. It has been proved that they once lived in Eastern and Southern China as well as in Japan where the Negrito element is recognizable still in the population.’”

Rogers mentioned Tamuramaro briefly in the first volume of World’s Great Men of Color, also published in 1946. Regrettably, Rogers was forced to confess that “I have come across certain names in China and Japan such as Sakonouye Tamuramaro, the first shogun of Japan, but I did not follow them up.”

Sakanouye Tamuramaro was a warrior symbolized in early Japanese history as a “paragon of military virtues.” Could it be that this was what Dr. Diop was alluding to in his first major book, Nations negres et culture, when he directed our attention to the tantalizing and yet profound Japanese proverb:
For a Samurai to be brave he must have a bit of Black blood.

Adwoa Asantewaa B. Munroe referenced Tamuramaro in the 1981 publication What We Should Know About African Religion, History and Culture, and wrote that “He was an African warrior. He was prominent during the rule of the Japanese Emperor Kwammu, who reigned from 782-806 A.D.” In 1989, Dr. Mark Hyman authored a booklet titled Black Shogun of Japan in which he stated that “The fact remains that Sakanouye Tamuramaro was an African. He was Japanese. He was a great fighting general. He was a Japanese Shogun.”

However, the most comprehensive assessment to date of the Black presence in early Japan and the life of Sakanouye no Tamuramaro is the work of art historian and long-time friend and colleague Dr. James E. Brunson. Brunson is the author of Black Jade: The African Presence in the Ancient East and several other important texts. In a 1991 publication titled The World of Sakanouye No Tamuramaro, Brunson accurately noted that “In order to fully understand the world of Sakanouye Tamuramaro we must focus on all aspects of the African presence in the Far East.”

Sakanouye no Tamuramaro is regarded as an outstanding military commander of the early Heian royal court. The Heian Period (794-1185 C.E.) derives its name from Heian-Kyo, which means “the Capital of Peace and Tranquility,” and was the original name for Japan’s early capital city — Kyoto. It was during the Heian Period that the term Samurai was first used. According to Papinot, the “word comes from the very word samuaru, or better saburau, which signifies: to be on one’s guard, to guard; it applied especially to the soldiers who were on guard at the Imperial palace.”

The samurai have been called the knights or warrior class of Medieval Japan and the history of the samurai is very much the history of Japan itself. For hundreds of years, to the restoration of the Meiji emperor in 1868, the samurai were the flower of Japan and are still idolized by many Japanese. The samurai received a pension from their feudal lord, and had the privilege of wearing two swords. They intermarried in their own caste and the privilege of samurai was transmitted to all the children, although the heir alone received a pension.

The “paragon of military virtues,” Sakanouye no Tamuramaro (758-811) was, in the words of James Murdoch:
“In as sense the originator of what was subsequently to develop into the renowned samurai class, he provided in his own person a worthy model for the professional warrior on which to fashion himself and his character. In battle, a veritable war-god; in peace the gentlest of manly gentlemen, and the simplest and unassuming of men.”

Throughout his career, Tamuramaro was rewarded for his services with high civil as well as military positions. In 797 he was named “barbarian-subduing generalissimo” (Sei-i Tai-Shogun), and in 801-802 he again campaigned in northern Japan, establishing fortresses at Izawa and Shiwa and effectively subjugating the Ainu.

In 810 he helped to suppress an attempt to restore the retired emperor Heizei to the throne. In 811, the year of his death, he was appointed great counselor (dainagon) and minister of war (hyobukyo).

Sakanouye no Tamuramaro “was buried in the village of Kurisu, near Kyoto and it is believed that it is his tomb, which is known under the name of Shogun-zuka. Tamuramaro is the founder of the famous temple Kiyomizu-dera. He is the ancestor of the Tamura daimyo of Mutsu.” Tamuramaro “was not only the first to bear the title of Sei-i-tai-Shogun, but he was also the first of the warrior statesmen of Japan.”

In later ages he was revered by military men as a model commander and as the first recipient of the title shogun — the highest rank to which a warrior could aspire.”
- source : atlantablackstar.com


Sei-i-tai-Shogun 征夷大将軍
- List in the Wikipedia
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



. Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 月岡芳年 .

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- - - - - Legends - - - - -

. kinma 木馬(きんま) "wooden horse" amulet from Miharu, Fukushima .

................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県
気仙郡 Kesen district

When Sakanoue no Tamuramaro drove out the demon of this region, the teeth of this Oni were left over.
The boss of the native 蝦夷 Emishi group was called 赤頭 Akagashira.


赤頭 Head of Akagashira

and his oni no kiba 鬼の牙 demon teeth


Tamuramaro built a grave for Akagashira and offered a statue of Kannon Bosatsu to appease his soul. This is now at the temple 竜福山・長谷寺 Hasedera.
When they dug out the grave in 1704, they found 33 teeth in the skull of this Akagashira Oni.
ケセンの鬼の国 Kesen is the land of the Oni.

その昔、赤頭(あかがしら)と呼ばれた蝦夷の首領が気仙郡佐狩郷赤崎小田の地にいて、鎮守府将軍の坂上田村麻呂と一戦を交えた。
その首を埋めた墓上に田村麻呂はお墓を建て十一面観世音菩薩を安置したのが、現在の猪川町である。
竜福山・長谷寺(創建八〇七年)と伝わる。
鬼の歯それから九百年が経った宝永元年(一七〇四)に、寛応法印が寺内から発掘したという赤頭の歯、三十三枚が寺宝として現存している。鬼の牙といわれている。
- reference source : saitoseika.co.jp/adariHP/adariho40 -

. oni no ha 鬼の歯 teeth of an oni / kiba 牙 fangs .

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. Oodakemaru 大嶽丸・大竹丸・大武丸・大猛丸 Odakemaru .
Kijin 鬼神大猛丸 the Demon God Odakemaru alias Aterui アテルイ / 悪路王 Akuro-O / Acro-O 阿弖流爲 (? - 802)
And legneds about the fight with Tamuramaro.

- source : nichibun yokai database -
40 legends to explore about 坂上田村麻呂 !

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. O-Mamori お守り Amulets and Talismans .

. Tsugaru Glas Daruma 津軽のガラス工芸だるま .


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- - - - - Other Fudo temples from Tsugaru

. Saishoo In 最勝院 Saisho-In . - Hirosaki
Nekotsuki Fudo 猫突 Fudo stabbing a Monster Cat

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. 津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru .



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. - Join Fudo Myo-O on facebook - Fudō Myō-ō .

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #sakanoue #tamuramaro -
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