Kawanabe Kyosai Hell Paintings

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. jigokue, jigoku-e 地獄絵 paintings of hell .
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Kawanabe Kyoosai, Kawanabe Kyōsai 河鍋暁斎 Kawanabe Kyosai
Kawanabe Gyoosai, Kawanabe Gyōsai 河鍋暁斎 Gyosai

画鬼暁斎 Gaki Kyosai, the Demon of painting - as he called himself !

Kyōsai witnessed Japan transform from a feudal country into a modern state.

. Kawanabe Kyosai 河鍋暁斎 (1831 - 1889) .
- Introduction -
Paintings of Daruma, Fudo Myo-O ...
Kawanabe Kyosai Memorial Museum, Warabi, Saitama

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kisai 鬼才・河鍋暁斎 The Genius Kawanabe Kyosai - "Demon Genuius"

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Jigoku Dayu 地獄太夫がいこつの遊戯を夢に見る図 - Hell courtesan




Jigoku Dayu 地獄太夫 Hell courtesan and Ikkyu
Ikkyū, Ikkyu Sojun (1396-1481)




Jigoku Dayû sees herself as a skeleton in the Mirror of Hell
. 月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi .


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Jigoku Dayu by Utagawa Hiroshige I (1797–1858)


- quote -
The old Japanese tale of Jigoku Dayu, or the Hell Courtesan, there are many variations in this story:
Once upon a time,
a very beautiful and elegant courtesan lived in the pleasure quarters of old Japan. She was however extremely arrogant about her own beauty and unbearably cruel to her servants, to the other courtesans of her tea-house and even to her clients. When she suddenly took ill and died, Ema-O, the King Of Hell, stood her before his magical mirror, which shows the true souls of the deceased, and she finally understood how black was her heart. To punish her, the King of Hell made her wear an uchikake, an outer-kimono, made of all the souls of hell being tortured by demons, the weight of which was a constant reminder to the courtesan of how badly she had treated others.
- source : ... jigoku-dayu-dus139-paul-binnie... -


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The Deities of Good Luck throwing beans at the demons
Daikoku, Ebisu and O-Fuku
oni wa soto 鬼は外 "Demons, get out!"　「鬼は―外！　福は―内！」



. setsubun 節分 "seasonal divide" rituals .

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左甚五郎と京美人圖 Hidari Jingoro and a Kyoto Beauty
detail of a folding screen / 左甚五郎と京美人図

. Hidari Jingoroo 左甚五郎 Hidari Jingoro .
skilfull artist, sculptor and carpenter

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'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' 狂斎百図　- One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai


- CLICK for more photos ! -


- quote -
Oni no inu ma ni sentaku (Doing the Laundry While the Demon is Away)
This original Kawanabe Kyosai (Gyosai) woodcut is printed on nineteenth century Japanese mulberry (rice) paper and with full margins as published by Okura Magobei between 1881 - 1886 in the Kyosai Hyakuzu, 'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' (One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai).
It depicts scenes from Japanese folklore & proverbs dealing with household chores, games & demons (Yokai & Oni). The image is constructed by means of two horizontal subjects, the first scene contains a Japanese proverb or expression (Kotowaza), that reads; "Oni no inu ma ni sentaku" which loosely translates to (Doing the Laundry While the Demon is away) or (When the cat is away, the mice will play). The scene depicts a woman washing clothes and a large cat sitting nearby while a grumpy old man goes out for a walk.
The Japanese proverb for he lower scene reads; "Oya ni ninu ko wa oni no ko" which translates to (A child that does not resemble its parents is a Demon Child). Depending on the context, this expression can refer to a child who is misbehaving and is not adapting to the family expectations or it may refer to a simple children's game known as hide and seek. Here the artist depicts children at play, a mother, with her naked child wrapped around her shoulders, chasing a diminutive demon, who in turn is chasing after several frightened children. However, the expression of laughter on the mother's face as she grabs at the little red demon, indicates that it is all in fun. Laughter, in fact, appears to be the connecting link within these delightful and bizarre scenes.
- source : artoftheprint.com/artistpages/kyosai -




..... scenes from Japanese folklore and proverbs dealing with household chores, games and demons (Yokai and Oni).
from the series 'Kyosai Hyaku-zu' 狂斎百図　- One Hundred Pictures by Kyosai.
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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暁斎百鬼画談 Kyosai - tales and paintings of 100 demons
“Kyosai's One Hundred Scary Illustrated Tales”








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- book references : Kyosai at amazon com -


Night Parade Of Hell Creatures: Bizarre Demonic Art By Kyosai
by Jack Hunter (Editor), Kawanabe Kyosai (Artist)



Kawanabe Kyosai (1831-89) was only 6 years old when he joined the school of the great ukiyo-e master Utagawa Kuniyoshi, along with such fellow pupils as Yoshitoshi, who followed him in 1850. Later Kyosai studied traditional Japanese painting at the Kano school. As befits this varied apprenticeship, Kyosai would embrace many styles and methods during his artistic career. His eclectic approach may also be partly attributable to a legendary sake-drinking habit, which could account for the more bizarre extremes of his chosen subject matter - in particular, weird demons and the bloody tortures of Hell. Kyosai can now be regarded as not only one of the last true ukiyo-e masters, but also as one of the first truly modernist painters of Japan.

"Night Parade Of Hell Creatures", edited by Jack Hunter (who also edited the ground-breaking extreme ukiyo-e anthology "Dream Spectres”), collects and considers over 100 of Kyosai's most innovative, demented and bizarre images - including multiple yokai, ghosts and demons - presented in large-format and full-colour throughout.


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Yokai Wars: Demonic Manga by Kyosai
by Kawanabe Kyosai (Author, Illustrator)



"Yokai Wars" is a special art ebook which collects two of Kyosai's most complete sets of colour sketches themed around demons, monsters, devil-animals, and visions of Hell. These 52 images, dating from 1879 and 1889, showcase the artist's deranged vision at its most inventive, delirious, darkly humorous and at times sadistic.



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画鬼 暁斎 Gaki Kyosai and Josiah Conder




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Hell in Japanese Art
by Ryouji Kajitani, Naoki Nishida (Authors), Kazuya Takaoka (Designer)



This art book showcases a wide collection of depictions of hell in Japanese art from the 12th century to the 19th century. The single-volume collection focuses primarily on works designated as Japanese National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties and features the various depictions of hell by prominent artists such as Kazunobu Kano, Nichōsai 耳鳥斎　Nichosai, Yoshitoshi Tsukioka and Kyosai Kawanabe.
This volume also features the 19th century woodblock-printed edition of "Ojoyoshu" The Essentials of Rebirth in the Pure Land) written by the medieval Buddhist monk Genshin (942-1017) and is accompanied by modern bilingual text. ... These ideas of hell in "Ojoyoshu" have played an enduring role in inspiring Japanese Buddhist paintings and other subsequent texts, particularly from the medieval period onward, and are vividly portrayed in the painting featured in this volume.


. The Ōjōyōshū 往生要集 The Essentials of Rebirth in the Pure Land .
Genshin　源信　 (942-1017), Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu

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Demon of painting: the art of Kawanabe Kyōsai
Though ghosts and demons do not exist in this world, the artist Kawanabe Kyōsai proved his artistic worth in his paintings depicting them ...
Kawanabe Kyosai: Beauty and Demon Queller
Kawanabe Kyōsai's Bake-Bake Gakkō (化々學校), or 'School for Spooks' (1872) ... In a classroom full of demons we can see a desk that has sprouted legs ...
... an episode from the life of Shaka (Skt: Sakyamuni), the historical Buddha, the attack of the demon king Mara ...
- reference : kawanabe kyosai demons -


- - kawanabe kyōsai on facebook - -

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蝿虎即暁斎のかみつき貌

高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi


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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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Enma Emmado Edo

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. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
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. Enma Ten, Enma Oo 閻魔天、閻魔王　Emma King of Hell .

Temples in his honor are usually called Enmadoo 閻魔堂 Emma-Do, Emma Hall.



The statue of Enma is 3,5 m high and 4,5 m wide. (Said to be the largest in Japan.)
If people throw coins in the box for offerings (saisenbako 賽銭箱), the halo in the back of the statue lights up and flickers for a while. The statue is therefore called
ハイテク闇魔 Hi-Tech Enma.

. Fukagawa "深川ゑんま堂" Fukagawa Emma-Do .
Gofunai Henro Nr. 74 - Hoojoo-In 法乗院 Hojo-In
- 賢台山 Kentaizan　法乗院 Hojo-In　賢法寺 Kenpo-Ji
法乗院えんま堂 Hojo-In Enma-Do -
江東区深川2-16-3 / Kōtō ward, Fukagawa, 2 Chome−16-3

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Apart from this one, there are three important Emmado temples in Edo (introduced below)
江戸三大閻魔 / 江戸三閻魔

- 華徳院 Ketoku-In - Suginami
- 太宗寺 Taiso-Ji - Shinjuku
- 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji - Toshima


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Ketokuin 華徳院 Ketoku-In (Katoku-In)
- 称光山　華徳院 Ketoku-In 　太宗寺 Taiso-Ji
杉並区松ノ木3-32-11 / Tokyo, Suginami, Matsunoki, 3 Chome 32-11
天台宗 Tendai sect


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-ketokuin

It was founded in 下野国佐野 (now Tochigi, Sano town 栃木県佐野市）by . Ennin 円仁 - Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 / 慈覺大師 . - (794 – 864)
It was called 蔵前の閻魔堂 Kuramae no Enmado.

The main statue was made by 運慶蘇生 Unkei and is in the center. To its richt is a statue of the same wood of 奪衣婆 Datsueba, the "Hag of Hell", and to its left a statue of 本地化馬地蔵尊 made by 聖徳太子 Shotoku Taishi.

The temple and the statues burned down during the great earthquake in 1923.
The temple moved to its present location in 1929.
A new statue of Enma was given by 日光輪王寺


- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/suginami -


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Taisooji 太宗寺 Taiso-Ji

- 霞関山　本覚院　太宗寺 Taiso-Ji
新宿区新宿2-9-2 / Tokyo, Shinjuku 2-9-2
浄土宗 Jodo Sect

The main statue is 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai.


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-taisoji

- History
Founded in 1596 at the beginning of the Oshu Kaido highway by priest 太宗 Taiso. One of the Six Jizo of Highways:
Nr. 03 - . Edo Roku Jizo 江戸六地蔵 The Six Jizō Bosatsu of Edo .

- Other Pilgrimages
新宿山之手七福神の布袋尊 Shinjuku - Shichifukujin - Hotei

- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/shinjuku -



太宗寺不動堂 Fudo Hall



太宗寺塩かけ地蔵 Shiokake-Jizo －Jizo to throw salt at
When making a wish, people throw some salt on the statue. When the wish has been granted, they come back and throw even more salt at Jizo.

. Jizō - Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - Introduction .

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Zenyooji 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji

- 薬王山 Yakuozan　延寿院　善養寺 Zenyo-Ji
豊島区西巣鴨4-8-25 / Tokyo, Toshima, Nishisugamo, 4 Chome 8-25
Shingon sect

The main statue is 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai.


source : goshuin.net/edo3emma-zenyoji

This temple was founded around 830 by 慈覚大師 Jigaku Daishi in Uenoyama, as 上野東叡山寛永寺末 a sub-temple of the Ueno Kanei-Ji.
It was moved to 下谷区善養寺町 Shitaya, Zenyojicho around 1670. To make room for the railway it was moved to ist present location in 1912.
The wooden statue of Enma is about 3 meters high,

- HP of the temple:
- source : tesshow.jp/toshima -

. Ennin 円仁 - Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 / 慈覺大師 . - (794 – 864)

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There is another temple named 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji in Tokyo
Tokyo, Edogawa ward, Higashi-Koiwa 2-24-2

In the compound are various stone memorial monuments, like 石燈籠 stone lanterns and 宝篋印塔 grave markers.
The grave of the potter and painter 尾形乾山 Ogata Kenzan (1663 - 1743) is in the compound.
In the compound is also an old pine tree of more than 600 years, 影向のマツ　Yogo no Matsu.
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There is another temple named 善養寺 Zenyo-Ji in 滋賀県 Shiga, 高島市 Takashima city
Makinocho Hiruguchi, Takashima, Shiga
It comes with a legend of a fox:
The priest of 善養寺 the Temple Zenyo-Ji had been looking after a fox family.
To show his gratitude, the fox told him how to prepare medicine.
The medicine was very useful and the temple became rich by selling it.
Even the fox sometimes went out to sell it.
. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .


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- reference source : tesshow.jp/edo3enma_index -
- reference : 華徳院 -
- reference : 太宗寺 -
- reference : 善養寺 -

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. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell .

. Pilgrimages in Edo - Tokyo .


- Koya San in Wakayama 和歌山　高野山　-

- Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師　空海 (774 - 835) -


. Gofunai 御府内八十八ヶ所霊場 Pilgrimage to 88 Henro Temples in Edo .
- Introduction -

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. Join the Updates of Facebook ! .

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! – The Edopedia .

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Guchikiki Jizo

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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
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guchikiki 愚痴聞き Guchi-kiki deities listening to complaints

Some deities have the special ability to listen to our complaints . . .
and they get more and more, as temples find they attract a lot of visitors.

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guchikiki Jizoo　愚痴聞き地蔵 Guchi-kiki Jizo listening to complaints

. Jizō - Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - ABC List .
- Introduction -



最福寺 Saifuku-Ji
京都府南丹市園部町

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Ryuuzooji 龍蔵寺 Ryuzo-Ji



- HP of the temple 瀧塔山 龍蔵寺
山口県山口市吉敷1750 / Yamaguchi
- reference source : ryuzouji.org/guchikiki -

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愚痴聞き地蔵
大聖院 Daisho-In, Hiroshima 広島県廿日市市宮島町


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愚痴聞き地蔵 - (わらべ）- Guchikiki-warabe
香炉 - Incense burner

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- guchikikijizou
- Guchikiki Jizoson, with its right hand cupping its ear, as it listens to visitors complaints.
- Keiho-in Temple Guchi-kiki Jizo - Nagoya
- reference : guchikiki jizo -

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guchikiki Kannon ぐちきき観音 Kannon Bosatsu



延命山光福禅寺 Enmeizan Kofukuzen-Ji
千葉県市原市佐是1097
- reference source : sky.geocities.jp/koufukuzennji -

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. guchikiki Taishi ぐち聞き太子 Shotoku Taishi listening to complaints .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

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Eingakyo Sutra

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Eingakyoo 絵因果経 E-Inga-Kyo - Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect



Different parts of the Eingakyo scroll are available at various temples and museums.

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- quote -
National Institutes for Cultural Heritage:
"Eingakyo" is a set of eight painting scrolls created by adding paintings to "Kakogenzai Ingakyo
(Ryusho Gunabattara, translated in the mid Genga period (Sung) (fifth century)" consisting of four scrolls.
The list known as "Tenmeishouhin gonengogatsunanoka ruishushoujoukeinouhitsu mokuroku (天平勝寳五年五月七日類収小乗經納櫃目録)" of Shosoin Monjo has an item of "Gaiinkei nibujuurokkan (畫因果經二部十六巻) (two sets of 16 scrolls)" and this is the first appearance in Japanese literature. Another list known as "Heikatuhinhassai sichigatufutsukaruijuu toshoryoukeimokuroku (平勝寳八歳七月二日類従圖書寮經目録)" has an item of "Souingakeihatu Jusankan ichinichi tunonaka itchichitsue (繪因果經八（十三）巻　一（二）帙之中一帙繪)."
At that time, the creation of pictorial covers of Kyokan became popular at places where Sutras were copied when the relationship between the places and the painters deepened. It is significant that Buddhist paintings were understood in conjunction with the text expressions in "Eingakyo."

Existing "Eingakyo" from the Nara period are those held by Jobon Rendai-ji Temple (the first one of a set of two), Godai-ji Temple (the first one of a set of three), the old Masuda family (the first one of a set of four),
Tokyo Geijutsu Daigaku (the second one of a set of four) and
the Idemitsu Museum of Arts (the first one of a set of three).

The painting held at this museum is one of those that used to make up one scroll together with those held in Jobon Rendai-ji Temple and represent the last scene of "Shimon Shutsuyu" following the four scenes ("Kyoshibugei (競試武芸)," "Kanjyo Taishi (灌頂太子)," "Enbujukashiyui (閻浮樹下思惟)" and "Nouki (納妃)"). They represent those including scenes of Prince having a dialogue with Biku (a trainee Buddhist priest) after exiting the north gate and then Biku heading for the sky, of Prince coming back to the castle on a horse, of Udai (one of Shaka's disciples) talking to a king, of Prince meeting Biku, of a dialogue with Biku, of Prince and his wife watching Geiki singing and dancing to music and finally Prince asking King for permission to become a priest.

As each existing "Eingakyo" has unique expressions, it seems unlikely that they were created by the same painter in the same period. However, it seems this can be a valuable clue to looking into the situation of the Gakoshi (an institution to which painters belong) of the time.
This is a rare and extremely valuable work from the Nara period that still exists.

- Look at the scroll here :
- source : emuseum.jp/detail -


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mamono　魔物 demons and monsters from the scroll
They represent the deities of other religions which Shakyamuni encounters.
There are more than 30 Mamono appearing on the scroll. Some look very much like Oni.














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Joobon Rendaiji 上品蓮台寺 Temple Jobon Rendai-Ji

- quote -
The Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect from Jobon Rendai-ji
This sutra is called the
Sutra of Cause and Effect in the Past and Present (過去現在因果経 Kako genzai inga kyo),
more commonly known as the
Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect (J., E inga kyo).
The words of the sutra are copied in the lower half, while the upper half illustrates representative scenes described below. The story begins with the training of the historical Buddha Sakyamuni in his past lives, how he was freed suffering and delusion, and how he achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha. In other words, this sutra is somewhat like the Buddha's biography.

Putting aside these tales of his previous lives, Sakyamuni himself was born about 2,500 years ago in India as a prince, named Siddhartha. His family name was Gautama. His father was Suddhodana, the ruler of a small kingdom called Kapilavastu (on the boarder of present-day Nepal and India); his mother was Queen Maya. According to legend, he was born in the nearby garden of Lumbini. As a prince, Siddhartha spent his childhood and youth in comfort.

This sutra from Jobon Rendai-ji Temple in Kyoto starts from around the time the prince was ten years old. The young Siddhartha spent his time competing in skill and strength against his cousin Devadatta and his half-brother Nanda and always winning. The illustration here captures such a scene that demonstrates the prince's amazing abilities.
- photo -
Here, Siddhartha is about to shoot seven drum-shaped targets made of gold and silver. Since there are seven targets, at least seven arrows would usually be needed to hit all of them, but Siddhartha hits all seven with a single arrow!

According to legend, Prince Siddhartha one day ventured out of his castle from four gates-in the directions of east, south, west, and north-and on each occasion he encountered an old man, a sick man, a dead man, and a spiritual man. The image below represents the scene in which the prince leaves the castle from the south gate to see a sick man. The prince, who had been protected from the outside world, was deeply struck by this sight of illness, as he had never seen a sick person before.



The sutra also captures several other interesting scenes such as Siddhartha competing in a wrestling match and plowing a field to demonstrate his strength. The sutra itself was copied in a beautiful kaisho (formal style of calligraphy) in Japan during the Nara period (710-793). The colors used to paint the illustrations even today are surprisingly brilliant. Moreover, this manuscript not only represents one of the few existing examples of painting from the Nara period, but also served as the prototype of emaki (illustrated handscrolls), which became popular from the Heian period (710-793) on. Finally, there are very few eighth-century sutras from the East Asian Buddhist countries of China, Korea, and Japan that are illustrated and that are as well preserved as this wonderful work.
- source : Kyoto National Museum-
Text by Eikei Akao, Department of Fine Arts- 1998


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The Buddhist biographical scriptures that the ancient Japanese used were mainly those written in Chinese and even they were introduced as illustrated biographies. ‘Eingakyo( (Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect) is one of the most famous ancient works that was imported to Japan in the Nara Period (8th century AD).

- reference : Eingakyo -

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Joobon Rendaiji 上品蓮台寺 Temple Jobon Rendai-Ji
京都府京都市北区紫野十二坊町33-1 / 33-1 Murasakino Jūnibōchō, Kita-ku, Kyōto



It was built by 聖徳太子 Shotoku Taishi to venerate his mother.

The main statue is 延命地蔵菩薩 Enmei Jizo Bosatsu - Life-prolonging Jizo




- reference source : wikipedia -


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. jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell .

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #onipedia #eingakyo #causeeffectsutra -
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Seikoji Temple Kyoto

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. jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell .
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Seikooji, Seikō-Ji 星光寺 Temple Seiko-Ji
京都の六角大宮 / Kyoto Rokkaku no Miya

This temple is famous for an old picture scroll



星光寺縁起絵巻 Seiko-Ji Engi Emaki - Legends about the origin of Seikō-ji
attributed to 土佐光信 Tosa Mitsunobu (1434 - 1525)

- quote -
This is a two-volume picture scroll on the origin and history of Seikoji Temple and the miracles of its principal deity, Jizo Bodhisattva, also known as Yanefuki Jizo 屋根葺地蔵 (Jizo repairing a roof) and one of the six Jizos (bodhisattvas) in central Kyoto.
The articles on January 27 and February 29, 1487 of Sanetaka Koki 実隆公記 (Sanetaka's diary) show that Sanjo Sanetaka wrote the legend to the Seikoji Engi-e (paintings of the origins and history of Seikoji Temple) drawn by Tosa Mitsunobu.
Therefore, it used to be generally believed that the two existing volumes together with the legend constituted the standard work of Mitsunobu. However, at present, it is considered to be a quality copy of Mitsunobu's original work, which was made soon after Mitsunobu's original work was created. Nevertheless, the paintings in the scroll constitute the standard work of the late 15th century.
Inside the residence of Taira no Sukechika 平資親 (first volume, act 1), the 山城守 governor of Yamashiro, paintings can be seen on papered sliding doors (fusuma-e), which depict a Mokkei-type bamboo groove and monkeys. The reed and crane fusuma-e paintings surrounding Sukechika's bedroom (first volume, act 3) are also drawn in sumi ink (suibokuga). It is interesting to see how much yamato-e (Japanese paintings) painters have mastered the suibokuga techniques through the fusuma-e. The panels of a folding screen form one large, continuous scene without borders that used to be applied every two panels to divide the screen into sections.
- Look at the scroll here : e-museum
- source : National Institutes for Cultural Heritage -


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Yanefuki Jizo 屋根葺地蔵 Jizo repairing a roof


CLICK for more details of the scroll !

. Jizō - Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 - Introduction .


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Some details of oni 鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell









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. jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell .
- Introduction -


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土佐光信 Tosa Mitsunobu (1434 - 1525)

- quote -
a Japanese painter, the founder of the Tosa school of Japanese painting.
Born into a family that had traditionally served as painters to the Imperial court, he was head of the court painting bureau from 1493 to 1496.
In 1518 he was appointed chief artist to the Ashikaga shogunates.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




. Sanzu no Kawa 三途の川 River Sanzu, the river on the way to hell .


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. jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell .

. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - #onipedia #seikoji #emakiscroll #yanefukijizo #tosamitsunobu -
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jigoku hell demons devils

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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jigoku no oni 地獄の鬼 demons of the Buddhist hell
densetsu　伝説 and their legends

On the way to the Buddhist after-life, the dead has to cross
. Sanzu no Kawa 三途の川 River Sanzu, the river on the way to hell .

Next he will meet
. Enma-O 閻魔天、閻魔王 the King of Hell, Emma / 閻王 En-O .
for his verdict : Heaven or Hell ?!


CLICK for more hell paintings !

Many paintings tried to scare people of the Demons of the Buddhist Hell
. jigokue, jigoku-e 地獄絵 paintings of the Buddhist hell .
地獄草子 Jigoku Soshi - Hell Scroll


. Juu Oo 十王, Juo, Ju-O - 10 Ten Kings of Hell - Ten Yama Kings .
- Introduction -


. Nihon Ryooiki, Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki .
Ghostly Strange Records from Japan // Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
by Kyookai 景戒 （きょうかい/けいかい) Kyokai - Keikai, priest of Yakushi-Ji in the Nara period

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. onigokko, oni-gokko 鬼ごっこ game of tag .

This game has a long history, all the way to Hell,
where 地蔵菩薩　Jizo Bosatsu is trying to lead the poor souls out of hell, past the Oni guardian.




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The hot spring in Oita, Chinoike jigoku 血の池地獄, the "Blood Pond Hell", based on an image of hell found in Buddhism.

. Oita 大分県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends .


. chinoike, chi no ike 血の池と伝説 Legends about "blood ponds" .

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In the 地獄道 Jigokudo, the Realm of Hell,
there are 8 hot and 8 cold hells. Here the Oni serve as gokusotsu 獄卒 wardens of hell to torture the dead.

. jigokudoo 地獄道 Jigokudo, the Realm of Hell .
one of the The Six Realms in the Buddhist after-life.

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. gakidoo 餓鬼道 Gakido, The Realm of Hungry Ghosts .
Good people go to Heaven, bad people fall into hell and become Hungry Ghosts.
Their necks are so thin, they can not drink water. If they see water, it turns into flames in front of their eyes.




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. Onibashi 鬼橋 the Demon Bridge .
and the Hell Demon vassals of Taishaku Ten 帝釈天が眷属の鬼



. 星光寺縁起絵巻 Seiko-Ji Engi Emaki - Legends about the origin of Seikō-Ji .




. Oojoyooshuu, Ōjōyōshū 往生要集 Ojoyoshu, Ojo Yoshu .
by Genshin　源信　 (942-1017), Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu

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oni kyoogen 鬼狂言 Oni Kyogen - Kyogen performances with Oni
There are various Kyogen performances with Oni as their subject.




. kyoogen 狂言 Kyogen performance .
"mad words" or "wild speech"

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One story is about the strong man, Asahina.
The Oni of Hell eventually have to let him go and he heads for 極楽 Gokuraku, the Buddhist Paradise.

. Asahina Saburo Yoshihide - 朝比奈三郎義秀 . 13th century
the son of Wada Yoshimori 和田義盛 (1147-1213).

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武悪(ぶあく) Buaku, Bu-aku - 武悪『あずき』 azuki - 小豆武悪（あずきぶあく）Azuki Buaku
Oni-buaku, 青 Ao-buaku
Azuki - the most typical Oni masks in Kyogen

For Setsubun and special plays, such as
oni no mamako 鬼の継子 The Stepchild of an Oni
蓬莱の島の鬼 the Oni of Horajjima, Asahina and 八尾 Yao
- reference source : material.miyazaki-c.ed.jp/ipa　 -

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蓬莱の島の鬼 the Oni of Horaijima

Nagano 長野県
狂言「節分」では蓬莱の島から来た鬼が家にやってきて、女性にだまされ隠れ蓑を巻き上げあられてしまい、豆を投げつけられる。鬼は霊山から来るというのは現在とは違っている。蓑虫伝説との関係があるのではないか。

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oni no mamako 鬼の継子 The Stepchild of an Oni

- reference English : oni no mamako -

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八尾 Yao - Kyogen - Netuske

Jookooji 常光寺 Joko-Ji and the Yao Jizo 八尾の地蔵
- quote -
昔むかし八尾の里の住人で、生前一度も後生を願ったことのない不信者が死んで、冥土に旅立つことになりました。不信者は閻魔大王の審判で地獄に落とされることが心配です。ふと八尾を立つ時に、常光寺の地蔵さんから閻魔大王にあてた手紙を預かっていることに気づきました。 初めは、何がなんでも地獄へ落としてやろうと閻魔大王は取り合わなかったのですが、不信者が必死になって頼むので、手紙を開いてみると、昔なじみの地蔵尊からの手紙でした。
八尾地蔵尊 地蔵尊は「この者の親戚に大変な篤信者がいて、世話になっている。その人に免じてこの者を極楽へやってください」と書いていました。閻魔大王は「八尾の地蔵といえば、昔大変な美僧で、わしとことのほか仲が良かった。その地蔵の頼みとなれば仕方がない」と言って、不信者を極楽へ送るよう取り計らったとのことです。
- HP of the temple
大阪府八尾市本町5-8-1 / 5 Chome-8-1 Honmachi, Yao-shi, Ōsaka-
- reference source : jyokouji.com/about/kyougen -


A Sinner with References and the King of Hell - (Yao)
- full text in English :
- source : kyogen-in-english.com/wp-content -

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. Mibu Kyogen 壬生狂言 .
At the temple Mibudera 壬生寺 Mibu-Dera, Kyoto



Sai no Kawara 賽の河原　One of the typical performances of the Temple, to show the deep mercy of Jizo Bosatsu, trying to save the sinners from falling into hell.
The mask of the Oni is especially fearful, but sometimes the performance of the Oni is quite humorous.
閻魔の庁での閻魔の裁きや鬼の責めなど、恐ろしい場面が続くが、ユーモラスな鬼の演技が緊張をほぐし、壬生狂言の宗教劇としての優れた面を表している。
- reference source : mibudera.com/k_09 -

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. Jigokudoo 地獄堂 Jigoku-Do "Hall of Hell" .
Senkooji 全興寺 Senko-Ji, Osaka
- “Tell a lie and I’ll rip out your tongue!”

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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愛知県 Aichi 豊田市 Toyota

oni no ido 鬼の井戸 the well of the Demon
At the Jigokudani 地獄谷 "hell valley" at the river 田代川 Tashirogawa there are three huge boulders, called "Oni no zashiki" 鬼の座敷 "Living room of the Oni".
The middle one is very much indented and always filled with water, called "the well of the Demon".
People who had to go downriver to have a rain ritual had to purify their bodies before using this water.
Once one of the 八大龍王 eight great dragon kings, 八坂龍王 Yasaka Ryu-O, passed here. He became thursty on the way and made this water gather in the dent. But then he became more angry and let heavy rain fall.



- one more legend about oni no ido
. Oni no Ido at 大分市 Oita city .


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青森県 Aomori

Jizoo Son 地蔵尊 Jizo Bosatsu
at 恐山 菩提寺 temple Bodai-Ji, Mount Osorezan

The statue of Jiso Bosatsu at the temple is out all night to help the dead children and sinners from the fangs of the Oni. To help them all fast, he has cut off the long sleeves and sems of his robe and slams his 錫杖 staff on the rocks with a loud noise.
The feet of the statue are always covered with sand - they say.



. Osorezan 恐山 Osoresan "Mount Fear" .


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福井県 Fukui 武生市 Takefu 坂口村 Sakaguchimura

jigoku no kama no futa ake 地獄の釜の蓋あけ opening the lid of the chauldron of hell
From August 14 to 16, during the O-Bon rituals,
the lid of the hell chauldron is opened and an Oni with his Kanabo throws out the dead people that got stuck under the lid. The living have to go to a temple and welcome their dead home, otherwise the dead souls will hang out at the eaves of the temple all the time.




. 地獄の釜の蓋が開く日 jigoku no kama hiraki .
In January and July, Emma (Enma, Ema) is out on a holiday (Emma saijitsu 閻魔賽日 and the lid to the chauldron of hell was opened 地獄の釜の蓋が開く日, so these two days are best to visit a temple where Emma is enshrined (閻魔堂 Emado).


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大阪府 Osaka 箕面市 Mino town - 茨木市 Ibaraki town

If someone tells a lie, the Oni from hell come and pull out the tongue with a kuginuki 釘抜き nail puller.
.
If people eat roasted beans with the skin peeled off at Setsubun, they will be made to peel off the skin of stones when they go to hell.


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鳥取県 Tottori

jigokuana, jigoku-ana 地獄穴 the cave of hell

To the left of the waterfall 亀ヶ滝 Kamenotaki at 高山の焼山 there is a cave called "Cave of Hell". In former times there lived the Oni, and also the 平家の落人 samurai of the Heike clan in hiding.
If someone asks for plates and cups for a village ceremony and later comes back to this cave, the things he needed will be placed on the rocks. But you have to bring them back cleaned after use.
Then one day a farmer did not bring the plates and cups back and since then, the Oni never lent them to the villgers.
(This kind of legend is also known in other parts of Japan, where the Kappa or a Snake or other local Yokai monster does the lending.)


. The Heike Clan and Oni - Legends .


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山梨県 Yamanashi 北杜市 Hokuto town 白州町 Hakushumachi

If someone dies during the O-Bon rituals in August, he is put in his grave with a basket on his head. Since he has to go to hell for the first time, together with the other dead relatives of former years, the Demons of Hell hit his head to show who is the new master now, and the basket can protect him.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -




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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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