Gokuraku - Jigoku

2016/09/08

Zenkibo Tengu

役行者 En no Gyoja is usually flanked by a couple of two demons,
the husband Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼。

These demons promised En no Gyoja, a Shugendo priest at Mount Ominesan in Nara, to protect the pilgrims of the area. They had five children, whose families in the x-th generation up to this day have five mountain huts where the pilgrims can rest during their walk from Oomine to Kumano.
The family business is going on for more than 1300 years now. Gokijo 後鬼助 san, in the 61 generation, lives in Osaka now and comes back every weekend and holidays to take care of the pilgrims.

I have written more about En no Gyoja and Yoshino here:
. Yoshinoyama - 吉野山 Yoshino Mountains - .

Zenki 前鬼 and Goki 後鬼
The following names were given to them by En no Gyoja after he had saved them from their demon ways
and turned them into good souls are:

Zendooki 善童鬼（ぜんどうき） Zendoki / 義覚/ 義学 Gikaku - Gigaku
Myoodooki 妙童鬼（みょうどうき）Myodoki / 義玄 Gigen

Zenki was born in 奈良県吉野郡下北山村 Shimokitayama village in Yoshino. - - 前鬼の里 Zenki no Sato.
Zenki represents the positive 陽 YO aspect and is depicted as a red oni 鬼 demon holding an iron ax 鉄斧. He used to walk in front of En no Gyoja and hacked the path free.
He is also depicted with a kind of straw rucksack 笈.

His wife Goki was born in 奈良県吉野郡天川村 Tengawa villge in Yoshino.
represents the negative 陰 IN aspect and is depicted as a blue/green demon.
She holds a flask with ritual water 理水 and carries a rucksack with seeds.

Together they symbolize 陰陽 the Yin and Yang of things, or the A-Un 阿吽, Alpha and Omega, the beginning and end of all things.

Their five children are - - - 真義、義継、義上、義達 and 義元.

. oni no shison 鬼の子孫 / onisuji 鬼筋 - descendants of Oni .
The five Oni children : (五鬼 goki)
五鬼助（ごきじょ）Gokijo, 五鬼継（ごきつぐ）Gokitsugu, 五鬼上（ごきじょう) Gokijo,、五鬼童（ごきどう）Gokido,
五鬼熊（ごきくま）Gokikuma

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奈良・大峰山の鬼たち The Demons from Omine, Nara

- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

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- quote -
Mount Ōmine - 大峰山 Ōmine-san
a sacred mountain in Nara, Japan, famous for its three tests of courage.
Officially known as Mount Sanjō (山上ヶ岳 Sanjō-ga-take),
it is more popularly known as Mount Ōmine due to its prominence in the Ōmine mountain range. It is located in Yoshino-Kumano National Park in the Kansai region, Honshū, Japan.
The temple Ōminesanji,
located at the top of the mountain, is the headquarters of the Shugendō sect of Japanese Buddhism and the entire mountain is part of a pilgrimage and training ground for the yamabushi.
The monastery at Mount Ōmine
was founded in the 8th century by En no Gyōja, as a home for his new religion of Shugendō. Shugendo literally means "the path of training and testing," and is based on the self-actualization of spiritual power in experiential form through challenging and rigorous ritualistic tests of courage and devotion known as shugyo.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Since 1788, a Sake brewery in Nara produces rice wine in their memory.
- reference source : komesou.com/nihonnsyu/syoujou -

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source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/teravist

- reference : 前鬼坊 -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................... Nara 奈良県

En no Gyoja met a couple of Oni who were eating humans. He asked them not to do that any more but they did not listen to him. He hid in a cave but they wanted to give him human flesh to eat even there.
Now 不動明王　Fudo Myo-O comes along and pressured the couple not to eat humans any more. Now they promised to change their ways.
Zenki went to 洞川 Dorogawa (now a famous hot spring), and Goki went to 十津川 Totsukawa .

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御所市 Gose
Zenki and Goki once lived on 葛城山 Mount Katsuragisan and together with the Deity 一言主神 Hitokotonushi they were strong leaders of the region.
. the Deity Hitokotonushi 一言主 .

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大峯山 Ominesan
In some parts of the Omine region, the forest people are called 笈 oi : 前笈 and 後笈.
oi is a kind of rucksack, made of wood or bamboo in former times.
They villagers are very strong and robust and carry the luggage of visitors. They look almost like Oni and some say they are the descendants of Zenki and Goki.

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鬼取町 Onitori / 生駒郡 Ikoma
At 生駒山 Mount Ikomasan、En no Gyoja had a dream given to him by 孔雀明 Kujaku Myo-O.
He should capture the two Oni from the foot of Ikomasan and turn them into decent beings. He stayed in prayer for 21 days and on the last day, with 不動緊縛の法 a special ritual of Fudo Myo-O he could capture them.
So the Oni cut off their hair and became the pious disciples of En no Gyoja.

The mountain is now called Onitorisan 鬼取山 "Mountain of capturing the Demons",
and the village is still called that way, 鬼取 Onitori.

At the temple 髪切山慈光寺 Kamikiriyama, Jiko-Ji, masks of the Red and Green Oni are kept in honor and rituals are held.
During the annual festival, these two masks are worn by specially elected men and lead a parade through the region.
Kamikiriyama means "the mountain where they cut off their hair".

鬼取山(又は鬼取獄)
- reference source : geocities.jp/iko_kan2/ikoma-oni -

CLICK for more photos !

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信貴山 Shigisan
When En no Gyoja practised austerities at Mount Shigisan in 673, there was a couple of huge demons of more than three meters high with long fangs. But En no Gyoja subdued them and took away their supernatural powers.
They begun to take care of him and help him in his life as Zenki and Goki.

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天川村 Tenkawa
At the home of the 柿阪秀元氏 Kakisaka Hidemoto family, on the eve of the Setsubun ritual in spring, they place ritual water at the entrance and prepare a special seat for the Oni to take a rest.
They do not pierce the head of a sardine (a custom to drive away the Oni), and they call
"Fuku wa Uchi, Oni wa Uchi" May good luck come in, may the Demon come in!
The family is said to have Zenki and Goki as their ancestors.

. setsubun 節分 "the seasonal divide" .
Usually people call:
fuku wa uchi 福は内（ふくはうち）"Good luck, come in!"
oni wa soto 鬼は外（おにはそと）"Demons, get out! "

. Setsubun - 「鬼は内」Oni wa Uchi ! .

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吉野　Yoshino　
En no Gyôja journeyed to the Mino'o Waterfall in Osaka, where he met the Bodhisattva Ryûju. He erected a temple to Ryûju called Mino'o Temple
Then he tried to convince the local Shinto deity, Hitokotonushi, to help him build a 石橋 stone bridge extending from Mt. Katsuragi to Mt. Yoshino.
Hitokotonushi only worked during the night and hid his face during the daytime. Thus En no Gyoja became angry at the slow pace of the god's work, and threw him into a valley. The angry god then petitioned the emperor to send armies after En no Gyôja, to arrest him, claiming that the monk sought to rebel against the throne. Gyôja escaped the armies easily, flying away on his clouds, but, after they captured his mother instead, he was forced to surrender himself.
He was exiled to Izu Ôshima, but escaped his exile, flying to Mt. Fuji. .....
- reference : wiki.samurai-archives.com -

大和葛城山久米の岩橋伝説 - The Legend of the Stone Bridge at Kume, Katsuragisan
- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

There is also a river called 前鬼川 Zenkigawa and the Fudo Nanae waterfall 不動七重滝.
- reference and photos : riko.naturum.ne.jp -

- quote -
Fudo Nanae Fall
was chosen as one of the 100 most beautiful waterfalls of Japan. Fed by the Zenkigawa River, water cascades down in seven stages, falling 100m from the top to the bottom and providing a majestic natural view.
Early summer and fall are especially good seasons to see the picturesque beauty of the scenery.
- source : pref.nara.jp/nara_e -

............................................................................... Osaka 大阪府
箕面市 Mino

On 摂津の箕面山 mount Minosan in Settsu (Hyogo) there lived a couple of Oni.
The husband had red eyes and the wife a yellow mouth. They had five children. They grabbed human children and ate them. To change their ways, En no Gyoja banned the youngest of their children in a cave. The parents came to En no Gyoja and asked him where their child was. They would never eat human children again if he would let them have the kid back.
Finally he told them were it was and all of them left the region.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
ゼンキ，ゴキ

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

下草を薙ぎ行く前鬼後鬼の裔
shitakusa o nagi-yuku zenki goki no ei

cutting the thicket
as they go along - descendants
of Zenki and Goki

右城暮石 Ushiro Boseki (1899 - 1995)

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前鬼にも呑せて行や香需散
炭太祇

卓にたつ前鬼が肩に雪霏々たり
横山白虹

夏の霧噴き捲く前鬼後鬼像
猿橋統流子

夢に出し前鬼と後鬼春の山
角川春樹

屠蘇酌めり前鬼後鬼の山長者
青畝

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #zenkibo #zenkigoki -
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2016/09/04

Seikobo Tengu Daisen Tottori

. Visiting Mount Daisen .
- Introduction -

Mount Daisen (大山, Daisen), is a volcanic mountain located in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. It has an elevation of 1,729 meters.
... one of the most important mountain for Japanese Shugendo. According to ‘Izumo Kokudo Fudoki, which was completed the edition in 733, this mountain was called ‘Ookamitake’’, literally, ‘Mountain of the great god.’

for 相模坊 Sagamibo, Saganbo see below.
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- quote
KARASU TENGU: SENTINEL OF DAISEN
Mt. Daisen in Tottori Prefecture lays many claims to fame in the region, but none has inspired more myths and folk stories than that of the legendary karasu tengu. Said to be part human, part crow, often giant in size, these supernatural beings inhabited the sacred slopes and peaks of Mt. Daisen, at that time off limits to all but monks and religious ascetics.
- photo -
These beings were believed to be intermediaries, go-betweens of the human and spirit worlds. In addition to their inter-dimensional powers, they were masters of all human martial arts who delighted in combat. Some speculate their legend was invented by the hermits who inhabited the mountain, in hopes it would scare away trespassers. Others posit that the supposed tengu were actually the strange ascetics who wandered the mountain themselves. Regardless, tales of these fearsome goblins resonated with anyone traveling the shadowy mountain roads after dark.

(credit: Photography by Shiho Oshita)

Today, a giant karasu tengu statue stands in Daisen Town, near Hira village. Rising high above the surrounding fields, it stands as a reminder of Mt. Daisen’s sacred past, and the guardians who protected its snowy secrets.
- source : karasumagazine.com/ - Benny Shouga

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... higher ranked Tengu–Daitengu (大天狗). ... here are only 17 Daitengu,
All the Daitengu possess superior intellect, and whether to the ire or to the honor of the locale (attitudes towards Tengu and whether they are good or bad vary from era to era), they have specific areas they inhabit.

The 7th of these 17 is Hōkibō (伯耆坊),
who resides on Mt. Daisen, the highest mountain of the San’in region.
One of the local famous wagashi (Japanese confectionary) producers in Matsue, Saiundo, has a signature sweet named after the local Daitengu. The Hōkibō sweet has sugar and slightly chunky red beans on the outside with a layer of soft mochi on the inside, and is based off the shape of his fan, as illustrated below.

Hōkibō has generally been looked upon favorably by the locals in Tottori, but according to Edo period records, he moved to Mt. Ōyama in Kanagawa to oversee the flocks of Tengu there due to a Daitengu vacancy left after Sagamibō left to comfort a banished emperor. Hōkibō’s name still reflects his original home, seeing as Mt. Daisen is in the old Hōki Province. He also still makes appearances in Daisen Town’s parade of characters in historical costumes.

You know the funny thing about Mt. Daisen and Mt. Ōyama?
They’re both written 大山 (quite literally, “big mountain”).

Seeing as he is often mentioned when the Top Eight of the Daitengu are cooperating in something, such as–under the leadership of the top ranked Daitengu, Sōjōbō of Mt. Kurama near Kyoto–watching over a young orphan of the Genji clan who would eventually grow up to demolish the oppressive Heike clan, as well as be one half of Japan’s most legendary of dynamic duos. It just so happens the other half of that duo was born and raised here in the San’in region, and trained on Mt. Daisen!

This is an ukiyo-e by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi,
one of the last great ukiyo-e artists, although he was known for some rather grotesque subject matter.
Hōkibō is taking Benkei down by his leg, while Sōjōbō sits back and watches with Ushiwaka.

... This is just one interpretation of the famous meeting on Gojo Bridge in Kyoto between Yoshitsune (or Ushiwaka, his childhood name he still used at the time) and Benkei. In general, the start of their story is that Benkei was a powerful naginata user and beat everyone up, but when he was beaten by young Yoshitsune, he swore fealty to him, and this was the start of their semi-historical, semi-fantastical adventures. Their story has been continually expanded upon in literature for hundreds of years with some basic running themes, such as how Yoshitsune trained with Sōjōbō on Mt. Kurama before meeting Benkei. There are many, many stories of young Benkei (called Oniwaka) here in the San’in region, such as how his mother had cravings for iron when she was pregnant with him, so he was born with a black face and strong as iron, but that’s for another time.
- source : saninstory.wordpress.com -

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Mount Daisensan is very spectacular and sometimes called
伯耆富士　Mount Fuji of the Hoki region

Visiting Yonago Flower Park in 2007

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- quote -
Ishizuchi Shinkō 石鎚山信仰
Beliefs and practices related to Mt Ishizuchi (1982 m.) in Ehime Prefecture,
Further beyond these places is the most important ritual site, the chain ascent in three places, called Kusari Zenjō, which practitioners scale to reach the summit. From the shrine there, Okunimoya Chōjōsha, the route goes through Raigōdani, the uragyōba (rear practice site), to the highest peak,
Tengudake, associated with a tengu (mountain goblin) called Hōkibō.
- source : - kokugakuin - Suzuki Masataka

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- source : blog.goo.ne.jp/humon007 -
大山「圓流院」の水木しげる Oyama / Daisen by Mizuki Shigeru

- - - - - Homepage of 円流院 Enyu-In Tottori
- reference : cms.top-page.jp/p/enryuin -

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Tengu no yama utsuri 天狗の山移り
How a Tengu moved from one mountain to another

「山の妖怪・天狗の引っ越し伝説」
- reference source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

- quote -
Saganboo, Saganbō or Sagamibō 相模坊; also known as
Saganbō Daigongen 相模坊大権現;
the tengu of Mt. Shiromine 白峯山 in Sanuki 讃岐 (present-day Kagawa prefecture).
- source : Mark Schumacher -

Kanagawa 神奈川県 and Kagawa 香川県　
Tengu from 相模大山 Sagami Oyama
Mount Oyama in Tanzawa is famous for the Tengu mountain goblins. The boss of all Tengu is Hoki-Bo.
During the Muromachi period, he came to Tazawa from Mount Hoki Daisen ( 伯耆大山 Daisen) in Hoki / Tottori, since during the wars of that time, the temple ad Mount Daisen, 大仙寺, had been destroyed.
At Mount Oyama, there is the shrine 阿夫利神社 Afuri Jinja, and at its side there is now a stone memorial and hokora for Hokibo.

At Sagami Oyama there lived another Tengu already, 相模坊 Sagami Bo.
Sagami Bo once wanted to console retired emperor 崇徳院 Sutoku-In in his exile in Sanuki (at the end of the Heian period, around 1156)) and had been exiled himself to Kagawa.

. Tengu 天狗 from 相模大山 Sagami Oyama .

. 相模坊は相撲が好き Saganbo liked to practise Sumo .

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坂出の天狗まつり Saganbo Tengu Festival
in Sakaide. Kagawa　坂出香川県

The festival is centered on Saganbo Tengu, a long-nosed goblin from Mount Shiramine near Sakaide that appears in many ancient Japanese folktales. The main events such as the Tengu Walk, Tengu Bazaar and Tengu Kite-Flying Contest focus on this theme. The Tengu Marathons (15km and 5km) are particularly popular, and they attract participants from all over the nation because of the scenic view of the Seto Inland Sea and Seto Ohashi Bridge.
Bowls of udon (hot wheat noodles) with ten no gu (ten kinds of ingredients) are available at every festival site.

Even a Tengu Marathon Walk on high wooden clogs.

Date: 2nd weekend in February
Place: Saganbo, Oyabu-cho, Sakaide City; Hayashida

天狗うどん作り　How to make Tengu Udon Noodles
...crd.ndl.go.jp/reference

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source : nichibun.ac.jp/YoukaiGazouCard

His skin color is green/blue and his hair hangs down to the shoulders. He wears a 頭襟 Yamabushi Tokin on his head. His mouth has a beak like a bird. He wears a 袴 Hakama trouser-skirt. He has large brown wings.

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- reference : tottori Daisen tengu -

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #seikobo #daisentengu #tottoritengu #Hokibo #sagamibo -
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2016/08/18

Buzenbo Tengu

Buzenbo is a shrine hall on the north-east side of Mount Hiko.
豊前坊高住神社

栃の実のつぶて颪や豊前坊
tochi no mi no tsubute oroshi ya Buzenboo

chestnuts fall
like stones blown by the strong wind -
Buzenbo Hall

. Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女 .
Hisajo liked the area and even climbed to the peak of the mountain.

There is a large chestnut tree near this memorial stone.

Hikosan no garagara 英彦山のガラガラ
clay bell clapper against insects
They are a kind of clay bell (Hikosan dorei 英彦山土鈴), said to be the oldest ones used by the Shugendo ascetics.

Some even had a Tengu goblin mask on the bell.

There are three famous HIKO mountains 彦山 in Japan:

Formerly "Hiko" was written with the characters 日子, meaning "child of the sun"; in the first half of the ninth century, during the reign of the Emperor Saga, it was changed to the single character 彦, and then again to 英彦, its present designation, in 1729, at the order of the Retired Emperor Reigen. According to the Kamakura-period Hikosan ruki, the Gongen of the Three Places of Mt Hiko (Hikosan sansho gongen) was composed of Mt Zokutai in the south (Shaka), Mt Hottai in the north (Amida) and Mt Nyotai in the center (Thousand-armed Kannon).

. Hikosan Jinja 英彦山神社 .
Hikosan is the second highest mountain in Fukuoka.

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source : nichibun.ac.jp/YoukaiGazou
一魁齋芳年（月岡芳年）

彦山豊前坊。眉毛が濃く、目玉は丸い。鼻は大きく、頬と顎にひげを生やしている。白い上着と袴を身に着け、青と白の結袈裟を掛けている。のけぞって、やや上方に目を向けている。

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- quote -
彦山豊前坊はどこからやって来た？
豊前国の田川郡（福岡県）と中津市（大分県）の境にある英彦山（ひこさん／古くは彦山）は古代からの霊山（神体山）で、熊野の大峰山、出羽の羽黒山とともに「日本三大修験山」に数えられます。
ご祭神の天忍穂耳命がアマテラスの息子であることから、「アマテラス＝日（太陽）」の「子」で「日子（ひこ）山」と呼ばれ、それが彦山、英彦山となったということです。
- source : fushigi-chikara.jp/sonota -

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- quote -
「日の子と天狗の山・英彦山」
修験道と天狗の山、英彦山。新潟県の弥彦山、兵庫県の雪彦山とともに「日本三彦山」に数えられています。日の子である神をまつっていたので「日子山」。それがヒコサンになり彦山に。さらに江
戸時代天皇から「英」尊号を受けて英彦山になりました。ここには日本を代表する天狗、豊前坊もいます。
・大分県中津市と福岡県添田町とにまたがる。
- Read the longer explanation here:
- source : toki.moo.jp/gaten -

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天狗のご神体
北九州合馬地区護聖寺、三岳城主長野氏が菩提寺として国東泉福寺の和尚を招き開山。
国東の神仏習合に同じく、裏手に神社がご神体はなんと天狗さん、
｢英彦山豊前坊｣が神人となって現れたという。
- source : Kazuto facebook -

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- quote
The Momoyama period daimyo 大名 Kobayakawa Takakage 小早川隆景 (1532-90)
supposedly held dialogues with the tengu king Buzenbou 豊前坊 (Buzenbo) on Mt. Hiko 彦.
The Tengu of Mout Hiko appears out of the mist to enlighten the swordsman Kobayakawa Takakage, in this print by Yoshitoshi.

(Print featured at the Yoshitoshi Ukiyo-e Web Gallery in the Ghost Series).
小早川隆景彦山ノ天狗問答之図

Says Goodin:
“What I found most interesting was that the scene was shown from the tengu's perspective, that is, from his side of the mist. Through breaks in the mist, Kobayakawa can be seen sitting composed ready to receive the tengu's message while his men recoil in fear.”
- source : Mark Schumacher

Kobayakawa Takakage 小早川隆景 (1533 – July 26, 1597)
a samurai retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during Japan's Sengoku period, and the son of Mōri Motonari. Adopted by the head of the Kobayakawa clan, Takakage took his name, and succeeded his adoptive father to become head of the Kobayakawa clan following his death in 1545.
As head of the Kobayakawa clan, he expanded the clan's territory in the Chūgoku region (western Honshū), and fought for the Mōri clan in all their campaigns; for a time, he also opposed both the great warlords Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He later swore loyalty to Hideyoshi, however, and entered his service; he was then awarded domains in Iyo Province on Shikoku and Chikuzen Province on Kyūshū, totalling 350,000 koku.
Takakage took part in Hideyoshi's invasions of Shikoku, Kyūshū, and Korea, and adopted Kobayakawa Hideaki, formerly an adopted son of Hideyoshi, and named him successor to the clan.
- source : wikipedia -

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¨天狗部隊¨を紹介致します- 航空自衛隊築城基地
尾翼には天狗のマーク
- Look at airplanes with this Tengu in Fukuoka
- reference : minkara.carview.co.jp -

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. . . CLICK here for Photos - 豊前坊 !
- reference : buzenbo tengu -

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #buzenbo #buzenbotengu #hikozan #hikosan #fukuoka -
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2016/08/16

Saburo Tengu Iizuna

CLICK for more photos !

- quote
Mount Iizuna (飯縄山 Iizuna-yama),
also known as Mount Izuna (飯綱山 Izuna-yama), is a mountain located ten kilometers north-northwest of the heart of Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Together with Mount Reisenji (霊仙寺山 Resenji-yama?), Mount Menō (瑪瑙山 Menō-yama), and others, it forms the Iizuna range. It has an elevation of 1,917 metres.

This mountain is a sacred site for mountain-based religious sects such as Shugendo, and said to be the home of a tengu named Saburō. According to legend, there was once a strange, edible sand somewhere on the mountain, which the tengu would distribute in times of poor harvest.
- source : wikipedia

. Iizuna Gongen, Izuna no Gongen 飯網の権現 .
- Introduction -
This is an incarnation of the Fox Deity, Inari. People pray to him for a bountiful harvest and good luck in business. He looks like a Tengu, a long-nosed goblin.
Some Yamabushi sects thin Iizuna (Izuna) is the original Japanese form (honji) of Fudo Myo-0, especially at Mt. Takao near Tokyo.

Iizuna Daigongen 飯縄大権現 Izuna Daigongen
. Mount Takao, 薬王院 Yakuo-In .

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- quote -
Tengu Saburō 天狗三郎 of Mt. Iizuna 飯綱山 in Nagano Prefecture. Also known as Izuna Gongen 飯網権現, Izuna Saburō, Mishima Daimyōgi, Izuna Myōjin, Daitengu Saburō, Izuna-Atago, Akiba Gongen, Sanshakubō Gongen, Akiba Daitengu. The Izuna cult is first mentioned in the Kamakura-era text Asabashō 阿婆縛抄 (1279) and associated with Togakushi Temple 戸隠神社 in Nagano prefecture. Izuna Gongen is also enshrined at Yakuōin Temple 薬王院 on Mt. Takao 高尾山 (in Hachiōji, Tokyo). Typically depicted in artwork as a Tengu riding atop a white fox.
Dōryō Gongen 道了権現 at the temple Saijo-ji.

Izuna Saburō Tengu 飯綱三郎天狗 (aka Daimyō Tengu Izuna Saburō 大妙天狗飯綱三郎, Izunasan Gongen 伊豆山権現, or Hashiriyu Gongen 走湯権現) is the guardian deity of sacred Mt. Izusan 伊豆山 (a Shugendō site from around the Kamakura period) said to reside at a hot spring on Izusan in Shizuoka prefecture. Over time the deity was linked with Hakone Gongen 箱根権現 and Kōrai Gongen 高麗権現 -- the three are considered one and the same.
In the Meiji period, when Buddhism and Shintōism were forcibly separated by the government, Izusan became a holy Shintō site and many of its Buddhist treasures were lost or scattered. Izusan Gongen is the Shintō manifestation of the Buddhist deity Senju Kannon 千手観音 (1000-armed Kannon).

Iconographically, Izuna Gongen is usually depicted in the form of a tengu [a mythical winged demon with long nose believed to live deep in the mountains], and riding upon a white fox, a depiction resembling that of the deity Akiba Gongen [Sanshaku Gongen]. Sanjakubō (三尺坊) of Mount Akiba Since Akiba Gongen is also believed to have originated in the Mt. Izuna and Togakushi area, the two deities are obviously closely related. Since the Buddhist counterpart (honji or "original essence"; see honji suijaku) of Izuna Gongen is said to be the bodhisattva Jizō (Sk. Ksitigarbha), the cult displays a mutual influence with the Atago cult (which involved an amalgamation with Shōgun Jizō or "Jizō of victory"). As a result, the deities are often referred to by the conjoined name Izuna-Atago.

The cult of Tengu Saburō is first mentioned in the Kamakura-era text Asabashō 阿婆縛抄 (1279), and Akibasan Sanshakubō 秋葉山三尺坊 (Nagano),
- - - - - - Continue reading
- source : Mark Schumacher -

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source : blog.goo.ne.jp/yorezo/e
飯綱三郎（イイヅナ　サブロウ） Iizuna Saburo

- - - - - and more photos from
飯縄神社 Iizuna Jinja

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- quote -
Izuna Gongen
A kami worshiped by practitioners of the Izuna shugen cult. Also called Izuna Myōjin, this kami is enshrined in the Izuna Shrine at the summit of Mt. Izuna in the district of Kamiminochi, Nagano Prefecture. The Izuna cult first appears historically in the second part of the Kamakura-period work Asaba- shō (1279), where the name of Mount Izuna is seen in the legendary origins of the temple Togakushi-dera. Based on this entry, the cult is believed to have first spread among ascetic practitioners (shugen) at Togakushi. Later, however, the cult became increasingly independent in the form of Izuna shugen, and in the Muromachi period it was led by a famous pilgrim guide (sendatsu) named Sennichi Tayū.

Iconographically, Izuna Gongen is usually depicted in a form resembling that of a tengu (a mythical winged demon with long nose believed to live deep in the mountains), and riding upon a white fox, a depiction resembling that of the deity Akiba Gongen (Sanshaku Gongen). Since Akiba Gongen is also believed to have originated in the Mt. Izuna and Togakushi area, the two deities are obviously closely related. Since the Buddhist counterpart (honji or "original essence"; see honji suijaku) of Izuna Gongen is said to be the bodhisattva Jizō (Sk. Ksitigarbha), the cult displays a mutual influence with the Atago cult (which involved an amalgamation with Shōgun Jizō or "Jizō of victory"). As a result, the deities are often referred to by the conjoined name Izuna-Atago.

The Izuna cult also underwent combination from an early period with the cult of the Buddhist deity Dakini (Sk. Dakini), and a kind of magical technique was adopted from the medieval period involving the use of foxes as spirit familiars. This belief spread even among members of the court and warriors; the deputy shogun Hosokawa Masamoto (1466-1507) was known to have practiced the Izuna-Atago techniques (ref., Ashikaga kiseiki, Jūhen Ōninki), and the imperial regent Kujō Tanemichi (1509-1097) is likewise said to have studied Izuna practices (ref., Matsunaga Teitoku, Taionki). Such practices involving on the control of spirit familiars of foxes (kitsune tsukai) later came to be called izuna tsukai.

The Izuna cult came to be associated with military arts as well, and Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin are known to have shown strong devotion to Izuna Gongen as a martial tutelary. The school of Japanese fencing called Shintō Munenryū is also said to have originated at Mt. Izuna. In addition to Mt. Izuna in Nagano, Izuna Gongen can be found enshrined at Yakuōin on Mt. Takao (in Hachiōji, Tokyo), Hinagadake in Gifu, and Mt. Izuna in Sendai. The Izuna Gongen of Sendai goes by the name Izuna Saburō, and is particularly well known as one of the "three tengū of Japan."
Some scholars have suggested that belief in this tengu was responsible for the Izuna cult.
- reference source : Kokugakuin - Ito Satoshi -

. Dakini Ten 荼枳尼天 Vajra Daakini.

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Tengu no mugimeshi 天狗の麦飯 boiled barley and rice of the Tengu

- quote -
Untersuchungen über “Tengu-no-Mugimeshi”,
ein in der Natur massenhaft auftretendes, aus einem Kapselbacterium und einigen anderen Mikroorganismen bestehendes Klümpchen.

Bearbeitet von T. KAWAMURA nach den vom verewigt. Verf. hinterlassenen Handschriften
Naoye Ono
- source : jstage.jst.go.jp/article -

source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/651-700/gate669

北信・飯縄山の天狗の麦飯 Tengu from Iizunayama having lunch eating rice with barley.
The origin of the word Iizuna is 飯砂 "cooked rice sand".
It is also called 、飯粒・飯砂・餓鬼の飯, rice for the demons.
The Tengu use a ritual called 「飯縄の法」 to prepare food for themselves and the humans.

テングノムギメシ（天狗の麦飯）Tengu no Mugimeshi
... from 10 different kinds of moss
10種類程度の真正細菌の集合体で、Ktedonobacteria 綱 Ktedonobacterales 目、γ-proteobacteria 綱 Ellin307/WD2124、α-proteobacteria 綱 Beijerinckiaceae/Methylocystaceae,Acidobacteria 門 subdiv. など
- reference : wikipedia -

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

神風や飯を掘出す秋の山
kamikaze ya meshi o hori-dasu aki no yama

divine wind--
digging up moss
on the autumn mountain

Literally, kamikaze refers to a "providential wind," the "wind of the gods." Long after Issa's time, the word was used to describe suicide planes packed with explosives that pilots flew into enemy ships.
According to Kazuhiko Maruyama in his edition of Shichiban nikki (Tokyo: Iwanami, 2.440), Issa is referring to tengu no mugimeshi ("Tengu's boiled barley and rice"): a kind of moss grows in volcanic soil.
Tr. and comment : David Lanoue

天狗衆は留守ぞせい出せ時鳥
tengu shu wa rusu zo seidase hototogisu

the goblins are gone
so get to work!
cuckoo

Tengu are fierce-looking, red-faced, and long-nosed creatures.
In other haiku Issa warns birds to beware of "human goblins" (hito oni). Perhaps then the goblins who have departed are people, perhaps bird hunters.
Tr. and comment : David Lanoue

天狗はどこにて団扇づかひ哉
tengu wa doko nite uchiwa-zukai kana

wind-making goblin
where are you fanning
your fan?

Shinji Ogawa notes that this type of goblin is believed to have a fan with which he executes his supernatural power: to blow every thing away or to fly. Issa may be complaining about a breezeless, sultry summer day, or complaining about strong a strong wind. Either way, it's Tengu's fault.
Tr. and comment : David Lanoue

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暖かく天狗の麦飯抓みける
atatakaku tengu no mugimeshi tsunekikeru

矢島渚男 Yajima Nagisao (1935 - )

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Tengu no suzuri iwa 天狗の硯岩 Inkstone rock of the Tengu
at Mount Iizunayama

. suzuri 硯 inkstone, ink stone .

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !
- reference 三郎天狗 -

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #saburotengu #iizuna #izunagongen -
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2016/08/14

Jirobo Tengu

source : youkaitama.seesaa.net/article

Jirobo first lived at Mount Hieizan 比叡山 (see below) but was driven away from by priest Saicho and the stronger mountain priests and moved on to 比良山 Hirasan in Shiga.

Tarobo and Jirobo used to live at Mount 赤神山 Akagamiyama in Shiga.

source : blog.goo.ne.jp/dreamgogogo
太郎坊宮 Tarobo Aka Jinja 阿賀神社

Tarobo to cast a vow - gankake　願掛け天狗　

source : blog.goo.ne.jp/dreamgogogo

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source : nichibun.ac.jp/YoukaiGazo

比良治郎坊 Hira Jirobo and 　愛宕栄術太郎　Atago Taro　
by 一魁齋芳年（月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi ）
顔つきは厳しく、眉毛が濃い。鼻は大きく、突き出している。法衣のような白っぽい着物を身に着けている。両腕を挙げ、前方を睨みつけている。

- quote -
The Hira Mountains (比良山地 Hira-sanchi) are a mountain range to the west of Lake Biwa on the border of Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The range runs 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) north to south. It is narrowest in the southern part of the range, running 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) east to west, and broadest at the northern part of the range, running 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) km east to west. The eastern side of the Hira Mountains looks steeply over Lake Biwa, while the western side of the range forms a gentler valley in Kyoto.
The three main peaks of the Hira Mountains are　武奈ヶ岳 Mount Bunagatake, the highest with an elevation of 1,214.4 meters (3,984 ft); 蓬莱山　Hōraisan, at 1,174 meters (3,852 ft), and 打見山 Mount Uchimiyama at 1,103 meters (3,619 ft).
The spring snow of the Hira Mountains is one of the Eight Views of Ōmi.
西（安曇川）側を「奥比良」と呼び、東(琵琶湖)側稜線のうち、釈迦岳から堂満岳の一帯を「北比良」、
それ以南の蓬莱山・権現山の一帯を「南比良」、釈迦岳以北の岩阿沙利山・岳山の連なる標高500 - 700mの尾根を「リトル比良」と呼ぶことが多い。
- source : wikipedia -

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. Hieizan, Hiei-zan 比叡山 Mount Hiei - Kyoto .
and priest Saicho, Dengyo Daishi 伝教大師最澄

Legend says a learned monk from Mount Hieizan turned into a 大天狗 Big Tengu, maybe with a long nose 鼻高天狗,
Hieizan Hooseiboo 比叡山法性坊 Hoseibo.

Soni 尊意 Priest Soni, Son-I
(866 - 940)
He was the 13th head priest of the Tendai sect.
He is also known as 梨本祖師 or 法性房 Hoseibo.
He was born in Omi no Kuni.
- reference : wikipedia -

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僧正坊 Sojo-Bo, Sojobo from Kuramayama 鞍馬山 - Kurama Tengu
sometimes said Jirobo was the elder brother of the Kurama Tengu.

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. 太郎坊の杉 Tarobo-no-sugi and Jirobo-no-sugi 次郎坊の杉. .
at 羽田神社 Hada Jinj in Miyagi 宮城県

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #jirobo #jirooboo -
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Ajaribo Tengu

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア　- Tengu ABC-Index .
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Ajaribo 阿闍梨坊 Ajari-Bo Tengu
Higoajari, Higo Ajari 肥後阿闍梨 / 備後阿闍 the Ajari of Higo, Acharya of Higo
Kooen, Kōen 皇円 Saint Koen
(? - 1169)

First a short description of an Ajari:
- quote
ajari Sk: acarya.
Teacher or master. A title conferred on an eminent priest who guides his pupils and sets a good example. As a rank in the Japanese priesthood, it was first used in 857, and was conferred on masters of both the Tendai 天台 and Shingon 真言 sects.
- source : JAANUS

- - - - - Higo Ajari is one of the
. 四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan .

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Kooen, Kōen 皇円 Koen
諡号 -- 肥後阿闍梨 - Higo Ajari
尊称 -- 皇円大菩薩 - Koen Daibosatsu 皇円上人 Saint Koen Shonin
He was a priest of the Tendai sect and his most famous disciple was 法然 Saint Honen.
He died at Mount Hieizan 比叡山功徳院.

His statue at 蓮華院誕生寺奥之院

- quote -
Renge-in Tanjō-ji (蓮華院誕生寺) Tanjo-Ji
is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon Risshu, or Shingon-Vinaya Buddhism, in Tamana, Kumamoto Prefecture. It is the head temple of Shingon-Vinaya Buddhism in Kyūshū and a branch temple of Saidai-ji (西大寺) in Nara (奈良).
It venerates Maha-Bodhisattva Kōen (皇円大菩薩, Kōen Daibosatsu) as its patron deity.
The temple stands on the site of Jōkō-ji Renge-in which was founded either at the end of the Heian period or the beginning of the Kamakura period and burnt down during the wars of the Sengoku period. The first abbot Zeshin Kawahara (1896 - 1977) was instructed through a spiritual communication by Kōen to restore Jōkō-ji Renge-in, which he accomplished in 1930 and renamed it Renge-in Tanjō-ji ("Birth Temple") in honor of the fact that it stands on the birthplace of Kōen.
... The temple consists of the Main Temple and the Oku-no-in, or the Inner Temple, which is located 2.5 miles north of the Main Temple on Mt. Shōdai.
... 1937 The Acharya Hall (阿闍梨堂, Ajari-dō) completed.
...
Patron Deity Maha-Bodhisattva Kōen
is venerated as the patron deity. Kōen (皇円) was a Tendai monk in the latter part of the Heian period. Since he was said to have died on June 13 in 1169, it is assumed that he was born in 1074.

Kōen was born in Tsuji, Tamana-shō in Higo Province as a great-great-grandson of Kampaku Fujiwara no Michikane (藤原道兼). His father was Fujiwara no Shigekane (藤原重兼), governor of Buzen Province. In his teens, he took the novice's ordination with Kōgaku (皇覚), a master of Sugiu School (椙生流), at Mt. Hiei, and studied Exoteric Buddhism under him. He furthered his education by studying Esoteric Buddhism with Jōen (成円). He started going by the name of Kōen around this time by taking a Chinese character from each of his masters' names. He lived in Kudoku-in on Mt. Hiei and became known as the Acharya of Higo (肥後阿闍梨, Higo Ajari). Hōnen who founded Jōdo-shū, a major school of Pure Land Buddhism, was ordained under Kōen in his last years and became his disciple.

He was also a noted scholar known for his erudition. He wrote Fusō Ryakki (扶桑略記, A Concise History of Japan) which is considered Japan's first chronicle detailing the events (mainly related to Buddhism) from the reign of Emperor Jimmu to that of Emperor Horikawa in the chronological order.

The actual circumstances of his death are unknown. According to the biographies of Hōnen written in the latter part of the Kamakura period, on June 13, 1169, Kōen commenced tantric practice in the form of a draconic deity in Sakuraga-ike Pond in Enshū. Sakuraga-ike Pond is an actual dammed lake in Omaezaki, Shizuoka Prefecture.
- source : wikipedia -

皇円大菩薩絵巻 Koen Daibosatsu Emaki - Scroll about his life
- source : youtube.com/watch -

This temple is Nr. 21 蓮華院誕生寺一願成就不動 - Renge-In
of the Kyushu Fudo Pilgrimage 九州三十六不動霊場.

. 九州三十六不動尊霊場 Kyushu - 36 Fudo temples .

- HP of the temple -
St. Koen was born to a noble family on the very site of Rengein-Tanjyoji temple in 1073, in the Heian Era, the era of the aristocracy. Holding the reins of Higo province government, his grandfather, Lord Shigefusa Fujiwara, (Kanpaku; the highest rank of courtiers). St. Koen entered the priesthood in his infancy. He studied Buddhism and practiced Buddhist training asceticism at Mt. Hiei near Kyoto. When he was young, he was very famous as a great priest, as well as being a profound Buddhist scholar in Japan.
He wrote "Fusoryakki," which is numbered among the three great chronicles in Japan, including "Dainihonshi" and "Nihonshoki".
He also educated thousands of disciples. At the age of 74, he granted the fundamentals of Jyodo Buddhism to 15-year-old Honen who then founded the Jyodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect) and became the master of the priest Shinran.

Because of St. Koen's vow to attain a miraculous power to save mankind, he entered Nirvana as a dragon-deity incarnate at Sakuragaike-pond in Shizuoka prefecture in 1169. Subsequently he received Bosatsugyo-training asceticism in the next world. ...
- source : www.rengein.jp -
2288 Tsuji, Tamana, Kumamoto / 熊本県玉名市築地2288

His most important work is Fusoo Ryakki 扶桑略記 Fuso Ryakki, written in 1094 on request of 堀河天皇 Horikawa Tenno (1079 - 1107), at Mount Hieizan. It contains 30 volumes

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Koen the Dragon Bodhisattva:
History and Hagiography, a Translation and Analysis of the "Fuso Ryujinden."

Aaron Patrick Proffitt (Author)

- quote
Kōen as Maitreya Devotee and Tengu
... the Fusoo ryuujinden claims that according to "folk-lore" and "myth", Koen was also said to be a Tengu, or mountain spirit/goblin. In these contexts he is referred to as the Higoajari 肥後阿闍梨, or the Ajari of Higo Kingdom.
- source : books.google.co.jp

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Ōshōkyō-in 応声教院山門　Sanmon Gate at Oshokyoin Temple
Oshokyoin Temple located in Nakauchida, Kikugawa City, Shizuoka Pref. is a temple of the Jodo sect. The principal object of worship is the statue of Amida Nyorai (quasi national treasure). The temple originates in Tengakuin Temple of the Tendai sect, which was established in 855 by the priest Jikaku Daishi as an Imperial prayer temple for Emperor Montoku. Later, Honen Shonin (1133-1212), the founder of the Jodo sect Buddhism, placed the statue of Amida here to the memory of his teacher, Koen Ajari, who was said to have transformed himself into the Ryujin (dragon god) to save people in Sakuragaike Pond in the neighboring town. The temple sect was changed from the Tendai sect to the Jodo sect and its name was also changed from Tengakuin to Oshokyoin at this time.

Oshokyoin is a branch temple of Chioin Temple in Kyoto. It is also known as the fudasho (a visiting place for pilgrims) for those who are born in the year of dragon and snake in Enshu (present-day Shizuoka Pref.) area. The temple possesses the manuscript of the Koen Ajari legend and the statue of Hafuki Amida Nyorai (Amida with mouth open). Up the stone steps at the entrance stands the Sanmon Gate (the temple gate), which was erected by the 2nd Shogun, Tokugawa Hidetada. In the precinct are full of unique objet d'art such as Nonbei Jizo (Bottle-man Jizo). There are also two of the Seven Wonders in Enshu, Mitabi-guri (a chestnut tree producing chestnuts three times a year) and Kataba-no-Ashi (the reed grass that has leaves on only one side of the stem).
- source : nippon-kichi.jp -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

Ajari-ike 阿闍梨池 The Ajari Pond
In 1198 建久9(1198)年正月18日，Saint Koen Ajari became a dragon thanks to his faith in 弥勒菩薩 Miroku Bosatsu, to come to him (Raigo 来迎).
He came to the 善光寺如来堂 Nyorai Hall in the temple Zenko-Ji.
He walked around seven time and then went into the Ajarigaike pond, which was in fact a swamp. This swamp is now quite small, but if people perform 如来印文 certain rites of Nyorai for 17 days, it will become full of water. This happens because this pond in Nagano is said to be linked to the Sakuragaike in Shizuoka (遠州 Enshu), where he died.

. Zenkooji 善光寺 Zenko-Ji Nagano .

. raigoo, raigō 来迎 Raigo, the soul on the way to paradise .

................................................................................. Sakuragaike 桜が池

Koen Ajari became a serpent and waited for his ascend as a dragon to the realm of Miroku Bosatsu.

When his death came near, he scooped some water from the pond and suddenly there were huge waves on the pond. Even now on a calm evening people can hear the sound of ritual bells near the pond.

Every year during the summer equinox people bring an offering of rice with red beans in a half-open bucket and someone pushes it into the water. Then the water begins to whirl and draws the bucket to the bottom.

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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Ajari Kikenbo - a Kingmaker Character
Languages:
Tengu, Common, Varisian, Draconic (kobold), Elvish
Homeland
Untrustworthy. Liars. Thieves. Ne’er-do-wells.
Sooner or later the names people call you begin to sink in and become your own identity. Such was the case with young Ajari.
- source : brevoy.obsidianportal.com

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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #tenguajaribo #ajariike -
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