. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
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rokubu 六部 Rokubu Pilgrim
rokujuurokubu 六十六部 Rokujurokubu, Rokujuroku Bu
- sixty-six part circuit pilgrimage
六部(ろくぶ) Rokubu pilgrimage, Rokubu pilgrim / / 六十六部衆
Pilgrim traveling with 66 volumes of the Lotus Sutra
Rokujurokubu Hijiri - kaikoku hijiri 廻国聖 - itinerant Rokubu Pilgrim
六十六部行者 rokujuurokubu gyooja / 六部行者 / rokubu gyoja
六十六部廻国巡礼 rokujurokubu kaikoku junrei
六部尊 Rokubu Son, 六部尊者 Rokubu Sonja, Venerable Rokubu
The Rokujurokubu pilgrimage started a long time ago, already mentioned in the 太平記 Taiheiki history written in the 14th century.
There are various ways to do it.
A pilgrim copies the 法華経 Hokekyo Lotus Sutra 66 times and brings a copy each to 66 temples in 66カ国 66 different domains of Japan.
Others carried 66 copies to just one domain of Japan. There were no special temples to deposit the Sutra.
The backpack for the Sutras and statues was called gan 龕 "alcove".
They wore white pilgrim's robes and tekko 手甲 gloves covering for the back of the hand and wrist.
Some wore normal robes and a Rokubu hat, others looked more like 山伏 Yamabushi mountain priests.
The pilgrims were thought to possess special powers and were also called 箱根法師 Hakone Hoshi or 箱根権現の僧 Hakone Gongen no So.
Some were considered as semi-religious itinerant beggars who frequented the highways of Edo Japan.
The motives for the pilgrimage were manifold, often praying for a favor to the deities, healing of disease for themselves or family members, praying for guidance of a dead loved one to go up to the Buddhist paradise.
Most pilgrims remained anonymous, but some became famous on the way and had special halls erected.
They stayed at the homes of villagers on the way, exchanging the latest news for a meal, and if they could not find a free lodging they stayed in caves, under a tree or even in a graveyard.
Many begging pilgrims died somewhere on their long road and were buried by the local people. Many erected a small shrine or memorial stone for the dead.
Some pilgrims promised to heal certain illnesses after their death, if the villagers built a sanctuary for them and venerated there.
Other itinerant priests promised to restore fertility to barren women.
. Rokubu and 客人(まろうど)婚 a "wedding for one night" .
During the Edo period the pilgrim could also carry a wooden backpack with a Buddha statue, walk to 66 temples while hitting a kane 鉦 prayer bell and ask for offerings.
Pilgrimages were quite popular during this time as a means to get out of Edo and get a permission to travel freely around the country.
The Rokubu pilgrims were just as popular as the Henro pilgrims in Shikoku.
Some Rokubu pilgrims just walked the 西国巡礼 Saikoku Kannon Pilgrimage to 33 temples twice or went to the 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji domaine temples or 一宮 Ichinomiya domaine Shrines.
. Hokke-kyoo 法華経 Hokekyo, Lotus Sutra, Saddharma-pundariika-suutra .
- Introduction -
Rokujurokubu engi 六十六部縁起 The "Record of the origin of the sixty-six part circuit"
a Muromachi period document,
日本廻国六十六部と四国遍路
Nihon Kaikoku Rokujurokubu and Shikoku Henro : Two Kinds of Japan's Pilgrimages
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rokubu-gasa 六部笠 special straw hat for a Rokubu pilgrim
Made of dried igusa イ草 reeds (the same as used for Tatami mats).
The hat is nine inches deep and two feet wide and is laquered black. sometimes with a center top and lower edge laquered chocolate brown. ... this deep hat conceals the face, so it can be worn for the same purpose as the tengai. The Rokubugasa has been adapted for stage wear by all classes.
- - - Kabuki Costume - By Ruth M. Shaver:
- reference source : google books -
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All kinds of Pilgrims in the Edo period
Life in Edo, a scroll named 煕代勝覧 Kidai Shoran
depicting a busy Edo road extending from Nihonbashi to Kanda Imagawabashi.
- Look at the whole scroll here:
source : livedoor.jp/shunputei_shocho/archives...
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- - - - - Rokubu and Kabuki - - - -
source : Boston Museum of Fine Arts
初代市川門之助の六十六部 Actor Ichikawa Monnosuke I as a Rokubu Pilgrim
source : Boston Museum of Fine Arts
二代目市川団十郎の六部 Actor Ichikawa Danjûrô II as a Rokubu Pilgrim
other images include
Actor Nakamura Nakazo as a rokuju-rokubu
Actor Matsumoto Kôshirô as Rokubu Pilgrim
source : creyon-nurie.com/kabuki-noh...
国貞の歌舞伎十八番の六部の画像 Painting by Kunisada
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- 落語「花見の仇討ち」Rakugo and Rokubu - (tba)
... 仇の浪人一人に巡礼兄弟の仇討ち、それを止める六部の役どころ。 ...
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The misfortunes befalling Rokubu and pilgrims
Including various legends about the Rokubu.
- Pilgrimages and Spiritual Quests in Japan - edited by Peter Ackermann, Dolores Martinez, Maria Rodriguez del Alisal
- reference source : google books -
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- quote -
「六十六部」とは何か - ー 徳島県立博物館 Tokushima Museum
- source : museum.tokushima-ec.ed.jp... -
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- - - - - Table of Contents - - - - -
. rokubu-goroshi 六部殺し killing a Rokubu .
. rokubu Jizoo 六部地蔵 Rokubu and Jizo Bosatsu - Legends .
. Memorial monuments for the Rokubu pilgrims 六部 .
. Rokubu Pilgrims - Photo Gallery .
. Rokubu Pilgrims known by their names .
. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .
Working on the Rokubu legends, I found two patterns that are told quite often:
One is of a family having a Rokubu pilgrim staying over night, only to kill him and get his money - and then suffer some kind of curse for generations.
Just the opposite happens when a Rokubu tries to steal a golden statue from a temple . . . then he gets into eternal trouble.
The other type of legend
tells of families which have a problem and ask an itinerant Rokubu, almost like a Shaman, for explanation, understanding and help.
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. Rokubu Legends from Aichi to Hyogo .
Aichi 愛知県 -- Aomori 青森県 -- Chiba 千葉県 -- Ehime 愛媛県
Fukushima 福島県 -- Gifu 岐阜県 -- Gunma 群馬県
Hiroshima 広島県 -- Hyogo 兵庫県
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. Rokubu Legends from Ibaraki to Kyoto .
Ibaraki 茨城県 -- Iwate 岩手県 -- Kagoshima 鹿児島県
Kochi 高知県 --Kumamoto 熊本県 -- Kyoto 京都府
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. Rokubu Legends from Miyagi 宮城県 .
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. Rokubu Legends from Miyazaki to Nara .
Miyazaki 宮崎県 -- Nagano 長野県 -- Nara 奈良県
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. Rokubu Legends from Oita to Yamanashi .
Oita 大分県 -- Okayama 岡山県 -- Osaka 大阪府
Shiga 滋賀県 -- Shimane 島根県 -- Shizuoka 静岡県
Tochigi 栃木県 -- Tokushima 徳島県 -- Tokyo 東京都 -- Toyama 富山県
Yamagata 山形県 -- Yamanashi 山梨県
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. Join the Rokubu Pilgrims on Facebook ! .
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. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .
. Onipedia 日本の鬼 The Demons of Japan .
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